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        UniProt Knowledgebase:
          Swiss-Prot Protein Knowledgebase
          TrEMBL Protein Database
        Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB); Geneva, Switzerland
        European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI); Hinxton, United Kingdom
        Protein Information Resource (PIR); Washington DC, USA
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Description: Controlled vocabulary of keywords
Name:        keywlist.txt
Release:     56.2 of 23-Sep-2008

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  This document lists the keywords and categories used in the UniProt
  knowledgebase (Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL). The keywords are classified into the
  following 10 categories:

    * Biological process
    * Cellular component
    * Coding sequence diversity
    * Developmental stage
    * Disease
    * Domain
    * Ligand
    * Molecular function
    * PTM
    * Technical term

  The definition of the keywords and categories usage as well as other
  information is provided in the following format:

  ---------  ---------------------------     ----------------------
  Line code  Content                         Occurrence in an entry
  ---------  ---------------------------     ----------------------
  ID         Identifier (keyword)            Once; starts a keyword entry
  IC         Identifier (category)           Once; starts a category entry
  AC         Accession (KW-xxxx)             Once
  DE         Definition                      Once or more
  SY         Synonyms                        Optional; once or more
  GO         Gene ontology (GO) mapping      Optional; once or more
  HI         Hierarchy                       Optional; once or more
  WW         Relevant WWW site               Optional; once or more
  CA         Category                        Once per keyword entry; absent
                                             in category entries
  //         Terminator                      Once; ends an entry


__________________________________________________________________________
ID   2Fe-2S.
AC   KW-0001
DE   Protein which contains at least one 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster: 2 iron
DE   atoms complexed to 2 inorganic sulfides and 4 sulfur atoms of
DE   cysteines from the protein.
SY   Fe2S2; [2Fe-2S] cluster; [Fe2S2] cluster; Fe2/S2 (inorganic) cluster;
SY   Di-mu-sulfido-diiron; 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding.
GO   GO:0051537; 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding
HI   Ligand: Iron; Iron-sulfur; 2Fe-2S.
HI   Ligand: Metal-binding; 2Fe-2S.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   3D-structure.
AC   KW-0002
DE   Protein, or part of a protein, whose three-dimensional structure has
DE   been resolved experimentally (for example by X-ray crystallography or
DE   NMR spectroscopy) and whose coordinates are available in the PDB
DE   database. Can also be used for theoretical models.
HI   Technical term: 3D-structure.
CA   Technical term.
//
ID   3Fe-4S.
AC   KW-0003
DE   Protein which contains at least one 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster: 3 iron
DE   atoms complexed to 4 inorganic sulfides and 3 sulfur atoms of
DE   cysteines from the protein. In a number of iron-sulfur proteins, the
DE   4Fe-4S cluster can be reversibly converted by oxidation and loss of
DE   one iron ion to a 3Fe-4S cluster.
GO   GO:0051538; 3 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding
HI   Ligand: Iron; Iron-sulfur; 3Fe-4S.
HI   Ligand: Metal-binding; 3Fe-4S.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   4Fe-4S.
AC   KW-0004
DE   Protein which contains at least one 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster: 4 iron
DE   atoms complexed to 4 inorganic sulfides and 4 sulfur atoms of
DE   cysteines from the protein. In a number of iron-sulfur proteins, the
DE   4Fe-4S cluster can be reversibly converted by oxidation and loss of
DE   one iron ion to a 3Fe-4S cluster.
GO   GO:0051539; 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding
HI   Ligand: Iron; Iron-sulfur; 4Fe-4S.
HI   Ligand: Metal-binding; 4Fe-4S.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Abscisic acid biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0937
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) (5-(1-
DE   hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-
DE   dienoic acid). ABA is a plant hormone which play a role in many
DE   aspects of plant growth, development and cellular signaling (e.g. seed
DE   dormancy, seed maturation, vegetative growth and responses to various
DE   environmental stimuli such as stomatal closure during drought). This
DE   phytohormone can be synthesized from farnesyl diphosphate (direct C15
DE   pathway) or from 9-cis-violaxanthine (indirect C40 pathway).
SY   ABA anabolism; ABA biosynthesis; ABA formation; ABA synthesis;
SY   Abscisic acid anabolism; Abscisic acid biosynthetic process;
SY   Abscisic acid formation; Abscisic acid synthesis.
GO   GO:0009688; abscisic acid biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Abscisic acid biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Abscisic acid signaling pathway.
AC   KW-0938
DE   Protein involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) (5-(1-hydroxy-
DE   2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic
DE   acid) signaling pathway (e.g. transport and signal transduction) that
DE   regulates many aspects of plant growth, development and cellular
DE   signaling (e.g. seed dormancy, seed maturation, vegetative growth and
DE   responses to various environmental stimuli such as stomatal closure
DE   during drought). This phytohormone can be synthesized from farnesyl
DE   diphosphate (direct C15 pathway) or from 9-cis-violaxanthine (indirect
DE   C40 pathway).
SY   ABA mediated signaling; ABA signaling pathway;
SY   Abscisic acid mediated signaling.
GO   GO:0009738; abscisic acid mediated signaling
HI   Biological process: Abscisic acid signaling pathway.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Acetoin biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0005
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone).
DE   Acetoin is a component of the butanediol cycle (butanediol
DE   fermentation) in microorganisms.
SY   3-hydroxy-2-butanone anabolism; 3-hydroxy-2-butanone biosynthesis;
SY   3-hydroxy-2-butanone biosynthetic process;
SY   3-hydroxy-2-butanone formation; 3-hydroxy-2-butanone synthesis;
SY   Acetoin anabolism; Acetoin biosynthetic process; Acetoin formation;
SY   Acetoin synthesis.
GO   GO:0045151; acetoin biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Acetoin biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Acetoin catabolism.
AC   KW-0006
DE   Protein involved in the degradation of acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone).
DE   Acetoin is a component of the butanediol cycle (butanediol
DE   fermentation) in microorganisms.
SY   3-hydroxy-2-butanone breakdown;
SY   3-hydroxy-2-butanone catabolic process;
SY   3-hydroxy-2-butanone catabolism; 3-hydroxy-2-butanone degradation;
SY   Acetoin breakdown; Acetoin catabolic process; Acetoin degradation.
GO   GO:0045150; acetoin catabolic process
HI   Biological process: Acetoin catabolism.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Acetylation.
AC   KW-0007
DE   Protein which is posttranslationally modified by the attachment of at
DE   least one acetyl group; generally at the N-terminus.
SY   Acetylated; N-acetylated.
HI   PTM: Acetylation.
CA   PTM.
//
ID   Acetylcholine receptor inhibitor.
AC   KW-0008
DE   Protein that inhibits both nicotinic (nAChR) and muscarinic (mAChR)
DE   acetylcholine receptors. The nAChR is a postsynaptic membrane protein
DE   that, after binding acetylcholine, responds by an extensive change in
DE   conformation, which leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel
DE   across the plasma membrane. The mAChR is a membrane protein that
DE   acts through G proteins and mediates various cellular responses,
DE   including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of
DE   phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the
DE   action of G proteins.
SY   AChR inhibitor.
GO   GO:0030550; acetylcholine receptor inhibitor activity
HI   Molecular function: Toxin; Neurotoxin; Postsynaptic neurotoxin; Acetylcholine receptor inhibitor.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Actin-binding.
AC   KW-0009
DE   Protein which binds to actin, and thereby can modulate the properties
DE   and/or functions of the actin filament.
SY   Actin filament binding.
GO   GO:0003779; actin binding
HI   Ligand: Actin-binding.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Actin capping.
AC   KW-0117
DE   Protein that binds to the free end of the actin filament and thereby
DE   blocks further addition of subunits.
SY   Actin filament capping; F-actin capping.
GO   GO:0051016; barbed-end actin filament capping
HI   Molecular function: Actin capping.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Activator.
AC   KW-0010
DE   Protein that positively regulates either the transcription of one or
DE   more genes, or the translation of mRNA.
SY   Positive activator.
HI   Molecular function: Activator.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Acute phase.
AC   KW-0011
DE   Protein involved in acute phase, a response of the vertebrate body to
DE   insults, infections, immunological reactions or inflammatory
DE   processes; characterised by redness (rubor), heat (calor), swelling
DE   (tumor), pain (dolor) and sometimes loss of function.
SY   Acute-phase reaction; Acute-phase response.
GO   GO:0006953; acute-phase response
HI   Biological process: Acute phase.
WW   http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?228
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Acyltransferase.
AC   KW-0012
DE   Enzyme catalyzing the transfer of acyl- (RCO-) groups.
GO   GO:0008415; acyltransferase activity
HI   Molecular function: Transferase; Acyltransferase.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   ADP-ribosylation.
AC   KW-0013
DE   Protein which is posttranslationally modified by the attachment of
DE   at least one ADP-ribosyl group.
SY   Adenosinediphospho-ribosylation; ADP-rybosylated.
HI   PTM: ADP-ribosylation.
CA   PTM.
//
ID   Age-related macular degeneration.
AC   KW-0913
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes age-related macular degeneration
DE   (ARMD), the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the
DE   developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as
DE   ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and
DE   lipid (known as drusen) that lie beneath the retinal pigment
DE   epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch's
DE   membrane. ARMD is likely to be a mechanistically heterogeneous group
DE   of disorders, and the specific disease mechanisms that underlie the
DE   vast majority of cases are currently unknown. However, a number of
DE   studies have suggested that both genetic and environmental factors are
DE   likely to play a role.
SY   ARMD.
HI   Disease: Age-related macular degeneration.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome.
AC   KW-0948
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, an
DE   autosomal recessive genetic disorder that is phenotypically similar to
DE   in utero viral infection. The disease is characterized by severe
DE   neurological dysfunction in infancy, leading to progressive
DE   microcephaly, spasticity, dystonic posturing, profound psychomotor
DE   retardation and often death in early childhood.
SY   AGS; Cree encephalitis; Pseudo-torch syndrome;
SY   Pseudotoxoplasmosis syndrome.
HI   Disease: Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   AIDS.
AC   KW-0014
DE   Protein encoded by the human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 or HIV-
DE   2, which are the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
DE   This disease is characterized by a severe defect of cell-mediated
DE   immunity which is often accompanied by cancers such as Kaposi's
DE   sarcoma, as well as secondary infections such as tuberculosis.
SY   Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
HI   Disease: AIDS.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Albinism.
AC   KW-0015
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes albinism, a genetically determined
DE   or environmentally induced absence of pigmentation in animals normally
DE   pigmented. This can lead for example to lack of pigmentation in hair,
DE   skin and eyes.
HI   Disease: Albinism.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Alginate biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0016
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of alginate. Alginate is an
DE   exopolysaccharide in the cell walls of brown algae and in the capsular
DE   material of certain strains of Pseudomonas and Azotobacter, in which
DE   it provides a protective barrier against host immune defenses and
DE   antibiotics.
SY   Alginate anabolism; Alginate formation; Alginate synthesis;
SY   Alginic acid anabolism; Alginic acid biosynthesis;
SY   Alginic acid formation; Alginic acid synthesis.
GO   GO:0042121; alginic acid biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Alginate biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Alkaloid metabolism.
AC   KW-0017
DE   Protein involved in a biochemical reaction with alkaloids, a group of
DE   nitrogenous organic molecules (mostly heterocyclic) usually found in
DE   plants. Various alkaloids have toxic or medical properties, such as
DE   caffeine, morphine and nicotine.
SY   Alkaloid metabolic process.
GO   GO:0009820; alkaloid metabolic process
HI   Biological process: Alkaloid metabolism.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Alkylphosphonate uptake.
AC   KW-0019
DE   Protein involved in alkylphosphonate uptake. Certain bacteria such as
DE   Escherichia coli can use alkylphosphonates as a phosphorus source.
GO   GO:0015716; phosphonate transport
HI   Biological process: Alkylphosphonate uptake.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Allergen.
AC   KW-0020
DE   Protein that stimulates the production of, and reacts with, antibodies
DE   (IgE) thus creating an allergic reaction (immediate-type
DE   hypersensitivity). Examples are pollen allergens from plants, venom
DE   allergens from insects, dust-mite allergens, and animal hair allergens.
HI   Disease: Allergen.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Allosteric enzyme.
AC   KW-0021
DE   Enzyme whose activity is modified by the noncovalent binding of an
DE   allosteric effector at a site other than the active site. This binding
DE   mediates conformational changes, altering its catalytic or binding
DE   properties.
GO   GO:0003824; catalytic activity
HI   Technical term: Allosteric enzyme.
CA   Technical term.
//
ID   Alpha-amylase inhibitor.
AC   KW-0022
DE   Protein that inhibits alpha-amylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the
DE   endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages in oligosaccharides
DE   and polysaccharides.
GO   GO:0015066; alpha-amylase inhibitor activity
HI   Molecular function: Alpha-amylase inhibitor.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Alport syndrome.
AC   KW-0023
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes Alport syndrome, an hereditary
DE   disorder characterized by a progressive glomerulonephritis leading to
DE   end-stage renal disease, often associated with sensorineural hearing
DE   loss and ocular abnormalities.
HI   Disease: Alport syndrome.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Alternative initiation.
AC   KW-0024
DE   Protein for which at least two isoforms exist due to the usage of
DE   alternative initiation codons in the same mRNA (the resulting isoforms
DE   differ in their N-terminus).
HI   Coding sequence diversity: Alternative initiation.
CA   Coding sequence diversity.
//
ID   Alternative promoter usage.
AC   KW-0877
DE   Protein for which at least two isoforms exist due to the alternative
DE   usage of promoters.
HI   Coding sequence diversity: Alternative promoter usage.
CA   Coding sequence diversity.
//
ID   Alternative splicing.
AC   KW-0025
DE   Protein for which at least two isoforms exist due to distinct pre-mRNA
DE   splicing events.
HI   Coding sequence diversity: Alternative splicing.
CA   Coding sequence diversity.
//
ID   Alzheimer disease.
AC   KW-0026
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes Alzheimer's disease. This
DE   neurological disorder is often observed in elderly people and involves
DE   atrophy of neurones in the cerebral cortex leading to progressive
DE   dementia.
SY   Alzheimer's disease.
HI   Disease: Alzheimer disease.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Amelogenesis imperfecta.
AC   KW-0986
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes amelogenesis imperfecta, a
DE   clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders affecting
DE   the dental enamel. The enamel may be hypoplastic, hypomineralized or
DE   both, and affected teeth may be discoloured, sensitive or prone to
DE   disintegration either pre-eruption or post-eruption. In the
DE   hypoplastic type of amelogenesis imperfecta, the enamel is of normal
DE   hardness but does not develop to normal thickness. In the
DE   hypomineralized type, the enamel is of normal thickness but opaque or
DE   yellowish white without lustre on newly erupted teeth; it is so soft
DE   that it is lost soon after eruption. Amelogenesis imperfecta
DE   occasionally occurs in conjunction with other dental, oral and extra-
DE   oral features.
HI   Disease: Amelogenesis imperfecta.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Amidation.
AC   KW-0027
DE   Peptide which is posttranslationally modified by C-terminal amidation.
DE   The amino acid to be modified is almost always followed by a glycine,
DE   which provides the amide group. In a first reaction step the glycine is
DE   oxidized to form alpha-hydroxy-glycine. The oxidized glycine cleaves
DE   into the C-terminally amidated peptide and an N-glyoxylated peptide.
DE   C-terminal amidation is essential to the biological activity of many
DE   neuropeptides and hormones. In a few cases alpha-oxidative cleavage of
DE   an amino acid other than glycine has been observed. All such cases are
DE   additionally annotated with the word "atypical" in the feature description.
SY   Amidated.
HI   PTM: Amidation.
CA   PTM.
//
ID   Amino-acid biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0028
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of naturally-occuring amino acids.
DE   In addition to their use for protein biosynthesis, they are the
DE   precursors of many molecules such as purines, pyrimidines, histamines,
DE   adrenaline and melanin.
SY   Amino-acid synthesis; Amino-acid anabolism; Amino-acid formation.
GO   GO:0008652; amino acid biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Amino-acid biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Amino-acid transport.
AC   KW-0029
DE   Protein involved in the transport of amino acids.
SY   Amino acid transport.
GO   GO:0006865; amino acid transport
HI   Biological process: Transport; Amino-acid transport.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
AC   KW-0030
DE   Enzyme that activates an amino acid for translation by forming an
DE   aminoacyladenylate intermediate and then links this activated amino
DE   acid to the corresponding tRNA molecule (amino acid-tRNA, aminoacyl-
DE   tRNA). In general, a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthase is available for
DE   each amino acid.
SY   Aminoacyl-tRNA synthase; Aminoacyl-tRNA ligase; Amino acid translase.
GO   GO:0004812; aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
HI   Molecular function: Ligase; Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Aminopeptidase.
AC   KW-0031
DE   Enzyme that catalyzes the removal of amino acids from the N-terminus
DE   of peptides and proteins.
GO   GO:0004177; aminopeptidase activity
HI   Molecular function: Hydrolase; Protease; Aminopeptidase.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Aminotransferase.
AC   KW-0032
DE   Enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an alpha-amino group from an
DE   amino acid to an alpha-keto acid. The amino group is usually
DE   covalently bound by the prosthetic group pyridoxal phosphate.
SY   Transaminase.
GO   GO:0008483; transaminase activity
HI   Molecular function: Transferase; Aminotransferase.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Ammonia transport.
AC   KW-0924
DE   Protein involved in the transport of ammonia/ammonium. Ammonia is an
DE   excellent nitrogen source for many bacteria, fungi, and plants, but it
DE   can be cytotoxic, especially for animal cells at high concentration.
DE   Its transport across cellular membranes is thus of high biological
DE   relevance. Ammonia (NH3) is a weak base and exists predominantly as
DE   the ammonium ion (NH4+) in biological fluids.
SY   Ammonium transport.
GO   GO:0015696; ammonium transport
HI   Biological process: Transport; Ammonia transport.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Amphibian defense peptide.
AC   KW-0878
DE   Protein specifically found in the skin of animals belonging to the
DE   vertebrate class amphibia, that includes frogs, toads, newts,
DE   salamanders and worm-like apoda. The skins of anuran amphibians, in
DE   addition to mucous glands, contain highly specialized poison glands,
DE   which, in reaction to stress or attack, exude a complex noxious
DE   species-specific cocktail of biologically active molecules. These
DE   secretions often contain a plethora of peptides such as neuropeptides
DE   and hormones. The frog dermatous glands also synthesize and store an
DE   extraordinarily rich variety of wide-spectrum antimicrobial peptides
DE   that are released onto the outer layer of the skin to provide an
DE   effective and fast-acting defense against harmful microorganisms.
GO   GO:0006952; defense response
HI   Molecular function: Amphibian defense peptide.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Amyloid.
AC   KW-0034
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes amyloidosis, or constituent of
DE   amyloid deposits. Amyloid is a starch-like, complex proteinaceous
DE   fibrillar material deposited in heart, liver and other organs in
DE   various forms of amyloidosis. Amyloid deposits in the brain are
DE   characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, trisomy 21 and, to a limited
DE   extent, in normal aging.
HI   Disease: Amyloid.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Amyloplast.
AC   KW-0035
DE   Protein found in the amyloplast, a colorless plant plastid that forms
DE   and stores starch. Amyloplasts are found in many tissues, particularly
DE   in storage tissues.
GO   GO:0009501; amyloplast
HI   Cellular component: Plastid; Amyloplast.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AC   KW-0036
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
DE   (ALS), a degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the cortex, brain
DE   stem and spinal cord. ALS is characterized by muscular weakness and
DE   atrophy.
SY   ALS.
HI   Disease: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Angiogenesis.
AC   KW-0037
DE   Protein involved in angiogenesis, the sprouting or splitting of
DE   capillaries from pre-existing vasculature. Angiogenesis plays an
DE   important role for example during embryonic development, normal growth
DE   of tissues and maintenance of the normal vasculature, wound healing,
DE   tumor growth and metastasis.
SY   Vascularization.
GO   GO:0001525; angiogenesis
HI   Biological process: Differentiation; Angiogenesis.
HI   Molecular function: Developmental protein; Angiogenesis.
WW   http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?517
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Anion exchange.
AC   KW-0039
DE   Protein involved in the exchange of anions across a membrane. Anion
DE   exchange is a cellular transport function which contributes to the
DE   regulation of cell pH and volume by a functionally related anion
DE   exchanger protein family.
SY   Anion exchanger activity.
GO   GO:0015380; anion exchanger activity
HI   Biological process: Transport; Ion transport; Anion exchange.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   ANK repeat.
AC   KW-0040
DE   Protein containing at least one ANK repeat, a conserved domain of
DE   approximately 33 amino acids, that was originally identified in
DE   ankyrin. It has been described as an L-shaped structure consisting of
DE   a beta-hairpin and two alpha-helices. Many ankyrin repeat regions are
DE   known to function as protein-protein interaction domains.
SY   ANK motif; Ankyrin repeat.
HI   Domain: ANK repeat.
CA   Domain.
//
ID   Annexin.
AC   KW-0041
DE   Protein containing at least one annexin repeat, a conserved domain of
DE   61 residues, which is present in proteins of the annexin family in
DE   either four or eight copies. The annexin calcium binding sites are
DE   found within the repeated domains.
SY   Annexin repeat.
HI   Domain: Annexin.
CA   Domain.
//
ID   Antenna complex.
AC   KW-0042
DE   Component of an antenna complex or protein regulating the expression
DE   of such components. Antenna complexes are light-harvesting systems
DE   (LHC) which are protein-pigment complexes in or on photosynthetic
DE   membranes. LHCs receive radiant energy and transfer it to the reaction
DE   centers; an array of LHCs is often referred to as an "antenna". LHCs
DE   typically include one or more associated pigments (phycobilins,
DE   chlorophylls, bacteriochlorophylls and carotenoids).
SY   Light-harvesting antenna; Light-harvesting complex.
GO   GO:0030076; light-harvesting complex
HI   Cellular component: Antenna complex.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Anti-oncogene.
AC   KW-0043
DE   Protein that negatively regulates the cell cycle. If it is inactivated
DE   or defective the cell can proceed to rapid division. These proteins may
DE   suppress the development of tumors.
SY   Antitumor; Tumor suppressor.
GO   GO:0045786; negative regulation of progression through cell cycle
HI   Molecular function: Anti-oncogene.
HI   Biological process: Cell cycle; Anti-oncogene.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Antibiotic.
AC   KW-0044
DE   Protein with antibacterial activity.
SY   Antibacterial; Bactericide.
GO   GO:0042742; defense response to bacterium
HI   Molecular function: Antimicrobial; Antibiotic.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Antibiotic biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0045
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of antibiotics. Antibiotics are
DE   organic compounds produced by living organims that can selectively
DE   inhibit the growth of, or kill bacteria.
SY   Antibiotic synthesis; Antibiotic anabolism; Antibiotic formation.
GO   GO:0017000; antibiotic biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Antibiotic biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Antibiotic resistance.
AC   KW-0046
DE   Protein that confers, on bacteria, the ability to withstand
DE   antibiotics. The resistance is often due either to mutations that
DE   prevent antibiotic binding to the protein or to amplification of the
DE   gene encoding the protein.
SY   Resistance to antibiotic.
GO   GO:0046677; response to antibiotic
HI   Biological process: Antibiotic resistance.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Antifreeze protein.
AC   KW-0047
DE   Protein that lowers the freezing point of blood or other biological
DE   fluids by inhibiting the formation of water ice crystals.
SY   AFP; Ice structuring protein; ISP.
GO   GO:0050825; ice binding
GO   GO:0042309; homoiothermy
GO   GO:0050826; response to freezing
HI   Molecular function: Antifreeze protein.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Antimicrobial.
AC   KW-0929
DE   Protein which has deleterious effects on any type of microbe. Microbe
DE   is a general term for microscopic unicellular organisms, such as
DE   bacteria, archaea, fungi and protista. While the term microbe is often
DE   also used for viruses, we do not apply the keyword antimicrobial to
DE   antiviral proteins.
HI   Molecular function: Antimicrobial.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Antioxidant.
AC   KW-0049
DE   Protein capable of counteracting the damaging effects of oxidation,
DE   e.g. by trapping free radicals generated during the metabolic burst
DE   and possibly inhibiting ageing. Scavengers of highly reactive and
DE   harmful oxygen species.
GO   GO:0016209; antioxidant activity
HI   Molecular function: Antioxidant.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Antiport.
AC   KW-0050
DE   Protein involved in the transport of a solute across a biological
DE   membrane coupled, directly, to the transport of a different solute
DE   in the opposite direction.
SY   Antiporter; Countertransporter; Exchange transporter; Exchanger.
GO   GO:0015297; antiporter activity
HI   Biological process: Transport; Antiport.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Antiviral defense.
AC   KW-0051
DE   Protein synthesized or activated in the cell in response to viral
DE   infection, or protein with specific antiviral activity within the
DE   cell. Eucaryotic cells have an innate immune mechanism to fight viral
DE   infection, which is activated through the interferon signaling pathway
DE   or through dsRNA detection in the cytoplasm. It leads to the
DE   establishment of an antiviral cell state, which prevents virus
DE   replication or induces apoptosis. Most viruses have developed specific
DE   proteins to prevent the establishment of an antiviral state.
GO   GO:0009615; response to virus
HI   Biological process: Antiviral defense.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Antiviral protein.
AC   KW-0930
DE   Protein with antiviral activity. Often this activity is fortuitous
DE   (e.g. a bacterial protein displaying anti-HIV activity).
GO   GO:0050688; regulation of antiviral response
HI   Molecular function: Antiviral protein.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Aortic aneurysm.
AC   KW-0993
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes aortic aneurysm. Aortic aneurysm
DE   is the dilation of the wall of the aorta. It forms a sac that is
DE   filled with fluid or clotted blood, often resulting in a pulsating
DE   tumor. Aortic aneurysms are classified by their location on the aorta.
HI   Disease: Aortic aneurysm.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Apicoplast.
AC   KW-0933
DE   Protein encoded by the apicoplast genome or protein located in the
DE   apicoplast, a plastid found in some apicomplexan parasites which is
DE   a non-photosynthetic plastid relict. This organelle contains ring-like
DE   DNA of about 35 Kb as a third type of cell genome. Apicoplasts do not
DE   contain thylakoids; it is not yet clear if they contain internal
DE   membranes.
SY   Golgi-adjunct organelle; Thick-walled organelle.
GO   GO:0020011; apicoplast
HI   Cellular component: Plastid; Apicoplast.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Apoplast.
AC   KW-0052
DE   Protein which is found in the part of the plant which is external to
DE   the living protoplast, ie the cell wall, the intercellular space and
DE   the lumina of dead cells such as xylem vessels and tracheids.
GO   GO:0048046; apoplast
HI   Cellular component: Apoplast.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Apoptosis.
AC   KW-0053
DE   Protein involved in programmed cell death. Apoptosis is an active
DE   process requiring metabolic activity by the dying cell; often
DE   characterised by cleavage of the DNA into fragments that give a so-
DE   called "laddering pattern" on gels. It serves as a balance to mitosis
DE   in regulating the size of animal tissues.
SY   Active cell death; Apoptotic programmed cell death;
SY   Type I programmed cell death.
GO   GO:0006915; apoptosis
HI   Biological process: Apoptosis.
WW   http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?638
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Arabinose catabolism.
AC   KW-0054
DE   Protein involved in arabinose breakdown. Arabinose is a 5-carbon
DE   aldose sugar found in plant gums, pectins and bacterial cell wall
DE   polysaccharides.
SY   Arabinose breakdown; Arabinose catabolic process;
SY   Arabinose degradation.
GO   GO:0019568; arabinose catabolic process
HI   Biological process: Carbohydrate metabolism; Arabinose catabolism.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Archaeal flagellum.
AC   KW-0974
DE   Archaeal protein present in or involved in the biogenesis or function
DE   of a flagellum, a long hair-like cell suface appendage made of
DE   polymerized flagellin with an attached hook. This rotating structure
DE   with switches propels the cell through a liquid medium. The archaeal
DE   flagellum is distinct from its bacterial equivalent in terms of
DE   architecture, composition and mechanism of assembly. Thinner (10-15
DE   nm) compared to the bacterial flagellum (18-24 nm), it is usually
DE   composed of several types of flagellins and is glycosylated.
SY   Archaeal flagella; Archaeal flagellar apparatus.
HI   Cellular component: Archaeal flagellum.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Arginine biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0055
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of the basic amino acid arginine
DE   (Arg).
SY   Arginine anabolism; Arginine biosynthetic process; Arginine formation;
SY   Arginine synthesis.
GO   GO:0006526; arginine biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Amino-acid biosynthesis; Arginine biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Arginine metabolism.
AC   KW-0056
DE   Protein involved in biochemical reactions with the basic amino acid
DE   arginine (Arg).
SY   Arginine metabolic process.
GO   GO:0006525; arginine metabolic process
HI   Biological process: Arginine metabolism.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0057
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of an amino acid with an aromatic
DE   side-chain: phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp).
SY   Aromatic amino acid anabolism;
SY   Aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process;
SY   Aromatic amino acid formation; Aromatic amino acid synthesis.
GO   GO:0009073; aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Amino-acid biosynthesis; Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Aromatic hydrocarbons catabolism.
AC   KW-0058
DE   Protein involved in the breakdown of aromatic hydrocarbons. Aromatic
DE   hydrocarbons are compounds which only contain carbon and hydrogen,
DE   examples include the common pollutants benzene and naphthalene.
SY   Aromatic compound catabolic process; Aromatic hydrocarbons breakdown;
SY   Aromatic hydrocarbons degradation.
GO   GO:0019439; aromatic compound catabolic process
HI   Biological process: Aromatic hydrocarbons catabolism.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Arsenical resistance.
AC   KW-0059
DE   Protein that confers, on bacteria and other microorganisms, the
DE   ability to withstand aromatic compounds of arsenic.
SY   Arsenic resistance; Resistance to arsenic.
GO   GO:0046685; response to arsenic
HI   Biological process: Arsenical resistance.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Ascorbate biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0060
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of ascorbate, the ionized form of
DE   ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is derived from glucose via
DE   the uronic acid pathway. This water-soluble vitamin is essential for
DE   the synthesis of bone, cartilage and dentine. It is required in the
DE   diet of primates and some other species that cannot synthesize L-
DE   ascorbic acid because of their deficiency in L-gulono-gamma-lactone
DE   oxidase, a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of this vitamin.
SY   Ascorbate anabolism; Ascorbate biosynthetic process;
SY   Ascorbate formation; Ascorbate synthesis; Ascorbic acid anabolism;
SY   Ascorbic acid biosynthesis; Ascorbic acid biosynthetic process;
SY   Ascorbic acid formation; Ascorbic acid synthesis; Vitamin C anabolism;
SY   Vitamin C biosynthesis; Vitamin C biosynthetic process;
SY   Vitamin C formation; Vitamin C synthesis.
GO   GO:0019853; L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Ascorbate biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Asparagine biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0061
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of the polar amino acid asparagine
DE   (Asn).
SY   Asparagine anabolism; Asparagine biosynthetic process;
SY   Asparagine formation; Asparagine synthesis.
GO   GO:0006529; asparagine biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Amino-acid biosynthesis; Asparagine biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Aspartic protease inhibitor.
AC   KW-0062
DE   Protein which inhibits the catalytic activity of an aspartyl protease, a
DE   class of proteases that contains an active site aspartate residue
DE   (Asp), e.g. pepsin, HIV retropepsin, renin, etc.
SY   Aspartic proteinase inhibitor; Aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor;
SY   Aspartyl protease inhibitor.
GO   GO:0019828; aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
HI   Molecular function: Protease inhibitor; Aspartic protease inhibitor.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Aspartyl esterase.
AC   KW-0063
DE   Enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of esters and is characterized
DE   by a catalytically active aspartic acid residue in its active site.
GO   GO:0045330; aspartyl esterase activity
HI   Molecular function: Hydrolase; Aspartyl esterase.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Aspartyl protease.
AC   KW-0064
DE   Proteolytic enzyme with an aspartate residue (Asp) in its active site.
DE   There are many families of aspartyl proteases. The most well known one
DE   is the pepsin family (A1 in MEROPS classification) which is known to
DE   exist in vertebrates, fungi, plants, retroviruses and some plant
DE   viruses.
SY   Acid protease; Aspartate protease; Aspartic protease;
SY   Aspartic proteinase; Aspartic-type endopeptidase; Aspartyl proteinase.
GO   GO:0004190; aspartic-type endopeptidase activity
HI   Molecular function: Hydrolase; Protease; Aspartyl protease.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Atherosclerosis.
AC   KW-0065
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes atherosclerosis, which is
DE   characterized by deposits of plaques (atheromas) in the blood vessels,
DE   thus narrowing the vessel lumen and restricting blood flow. Atheromas
DE   consist of lipids (cholesterol), carbohydrates, blood products,
DE   fibrous tissue and calcium deposits.
SY   Arteriosclerosis.
HI   Disease: Atherosclerosis.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   ATP synthesis.
AC   KW-0066
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP).
DE   ATP is a ribonucleotide adenosine (a purine base adenine linked to the
DE   sugar D-ribofuranose) which carries 3 phosphate groups esterified to
DE   the sugar moiety. It is the cell's source for energy and phosphate.
SY   ATP biosynthesis; ATP anabolism; ATP formation;
SY   ATP biosynthetic process; Adenosine 5'-triphosphate biosynthesis;
SY   Adenosine 5'-triphosphate anabolism; Adenosine 5'-triphosphate formation;
SY   Adenosine 5'-triphosphate biosynthetic process;
SY   Adenosine triphosphate biosynthesis; Adenosine triphosphate anabolism;
SY   Adenosine triphosphate biosynthetic process;
SY   Adenosine triphosphate formation.
GO   GO:0046872; metal ion binding
GO   GO:0006754; ATP biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: ATP synthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   ATP-binding.
AC   KW-0067
DE   Protein which binds adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), a ribonucleotide
DE   adenosine (a purine base adenine linked to the sugar D-ribofuranose)
DE   that carries three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. It
DE   is the cell's source for energy and phosphate.
SY   Adenosine 5'-triphosphate binding; Adenosine triphosphate binding.
GO   GO:0005524; ATP binding
HI   Ligand: Nucleotide-binding; ATP-binding.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Atrial septal defect.
AC   KW-0976
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes atrial septal defect, a congenital
DE   cardiac anomaly characterized by persistent patency of the atrial
DE   septum that results in blood flow between the atria. It is due to
DE   failure of fusion between either the septum secundum or the septum
DE   primum and the endocardial cushions.
SY   Atrioseptal defect.
HI   Disease: Atrial septal defect.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Autocatalytic cleavage.
AC   KW-0068
DE   Protein catalyzing its own cleavage.
SY   Autocatalytic peptide cleavage.
HI   PTM: Autocatalytic cleavage.
CA   PTM.
//
ID   Autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
AC   KW-0069
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes autoimmune encephalomyelitis. This
DE   form of autoimmune inflammation of the brain and spinal cord causes
DE   demyelination.
SY   Autoimmune encephalitis.
HI   Disease: Autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Autoimmune uveitis.
AC   KW-0070
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes autoimmune inflammation of the
DE   uvea, which is the vascular middle coat of the eye, comprising the
DE   iris, ciliary body and choroid.
HI   Disease: Autoimmune uveitis.
HI   Biological process: Sensory transduction; Vision; Autoimmune uveitis.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Autoinducer synthesis.
AC   KW-0071
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of an autoinducer, a molecule which
DE   triggers the regulators of biosynthetic genes.
SY   Autoinducer anabolism; Autoinducer biosynthesis;
SY   Autoinducer biosynthetic process; Autoinducer formation.
HI   Biological process: Autoinducer synthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Autophagy.
AC   KW-0072
DE   Protein participating in autophagy, a process of intracellular bulk
DE   degradation in which cytoplasmic components including organelles are
DE   sequestered within double-membrane vesicles that deliver the contents
DE   to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation. There are three primary forms
DE   of autophagy: chaperone-mediated autophagy, microautophagy and
DE   macroautophagy. During macroautophagy, the sequestering vesicles,
DE   termed autophagosomes, fuse with the lysosome or vacuole resulting in
DE   the delivery of an inner vesicle (autophagic body) into the lumen of
DE   the degradative compartment.
GO   GO:0006914; autophagy
HI   Biological process: Autophagy.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Auxin biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0073
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of auxins. Auxins are plant hormones
DE   which play a role in many aspects of plant growth and development.
SY   Auxin anabolism; Auxin biosynthetic process; Auxin formation;
SY   Auxin synthesis.
GO   GO:0009851; auxin biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Auxin biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Auxin signaling pathway.
AC   KW-0927
DE   Protein involved in the auxin signaling pathway (e.g. transport and
DE   signal transduction) that regulates many aspects of plant growth and
DE   development (e.g. caulogenesis, rhizogenesis, tropisms, nodulation).
DE   The major form of this phytohormone is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) that
DE   can be synthesized both from tryptophan (Trp) using Trp-dependent
DE   pathways and from an indolic Trp precursor via Trp-independent
DE   pathways. Plants can also obtain IAA by b-oxidation of indole-3-
DE   butyric acid (IBA), a second endogenous auxin, or by hydrolysing IAA
DE   conjugates, in which IAA is linked to amino acids, sugars or peptides.
SY   Auxin mediated signaling pathway.
GO   GO:0009734; auxin mediated signaling pathway
HI   Biological process: Auxin signaling pathway.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   B-cell activation.
AC   KW-0075
DE   Protein involved in the activation and proliferation of B-cells. B-
DE   cells are activated by the binding of antigen to receptors on its cell
DE   surface which causes the cell to divide and proliferate. Some
DE   stimulated B-cells become plasma cells, which secrete antibodies.
DE   Others become long-lived memory B-cells which can be stimulated at a
DE   later time to differentiate into plasma cells.
GO   GO:0042113; B cell activation
HI   Biological process: B-cell activation.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Bacterial flagellum.
AC   KW-0975
DE   Bacterial protein present in a flagellum, a long hair-like cell suface
DE   appendage. The flagellar apparatus consists of the flagellar filament
DE   made of polymerized flagellin, the hook-like structure near the cell
DE   surface and a system of rings embedded in the cell enveloppe (the
DE   basal body or flagellar motor). The basal body and the hook anchor the
DE   whip-like filament to the cell surface. The flagellum is a rotating
DE   structure with switches propels the cell through a liquid medium.
SY   Bacterial flagella; Bacterial flagellar apparatus.
HI   Cellular component: Bacterial flagellum.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Bacterial flagellum biogenesis.
AC   KW-1005
DE   Protein which is involved in the formation, organization or
DE   maintenance of the bacterial flagellum, a long hair-like cell suface
DE   appendage. The flagellar apparatus consists of the flagellar filament
DE   made of polymerized flagellin, the hook-like structure near the cell
DE   surface and a system of rings embedded in the cell enveloppe (the
DE   basal body or flagellar motor). The basal body and the hook anchor the
DE   whip-like filament to the cell surface. The flagellum is a rotating
DE   structure whose switches propels the cell through a liquid medium.
SY   Bacterial flagella biogenesis; Bacterial flagellar apparatus biogenesis.
HI   Biological process: Bacterial flagellum biogenesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Bacterial flagellum protein export.
AC   KW-1006
DE   Protein which is involved in the export of bacterial flagellar
DE   proteins. The bacterial flagellum export apparatus consists of six
DE   integral membrane proteins (FlhA, FlhB, FliO, FliP, FliQ and FliR) and
DE   three soluble proteins (FliH, FliI and FliJ), and is located at the
DE   base of the flagellum. This system is characterized by ATP hydrolysis
DE   and a lack of substrate signal peptide cleavage.
SY   Bacterial flagella protein export; Bacterial flagellar apparatus protein export; Bacterial flagellar protein export.
HI   Biological process: Transport; Protein transport; Bacterial flagellum protein export.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Bacteriochlorophyll.
AC   KW-0076
DE   Protein interacting with bacteriochlorophyll, a photosynthetic pigment
DE   found in non-oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. It is a magnesium-
DE   porphyrin complex esterified to a long hydrophobic terpenoid side
DE   chain (the alcohol phytol). It differs from chlorophyll of oxygenic
DE   organisms in the substituents around the tetrapyrrole nucleus of the
DE   molecule, and in the absorption spectra. Different bacteria have
DE   different species of bacteriochlorophyll.
GO   GO:0042314; bacteriochlorophyll binding
HI   Ligand: Chromophore; Chlorophyll; Bacteriochlorophyll.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0077
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of bacteriochlorophylls. These
DE   photosynthetic pigments are magnesium-porphyrin complexes with a long
DE   hydrophobic terpenoid side chain (the alcohol phytol). Biosynthesis of
DE   bacteriochlorophyll is a light-independent reaction.
SY   Bacteriochlorophyll anabolism;
SY   Bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process;
SY   Bacteriochlorophyll formation; Bacteriochlorophyll synthesis.
GO   GO:0030494; bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Chlorophyll biosynthesis; Bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Bacteriocin.
AC   KW-0078
DE   Peptidic antibiotic, often plasmid encoded, produced by specific
DE   strains of bacteria that is lethal against other strains of the same
DE   or related species. E.g. bacteriocin, colicin, lantibiotic.
GO   GO:0005102; receptor binding
GO   GO:0019835; cytolysis
HI   Molecular function: Antimicrobial; Antibiotic; Bacteriocin.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Bacteriocin biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0871
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of a bacteriocin.
SY   Bacteriocin anabolism; Bacteriocin biosynthetic process;
SY   Bacteriocin formation; Bacteriocin synthesis.
GO   GO:0030152; bacteriocin biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Antibiotic biosynthesis; Bacteriocin biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Bacteriocin immunity.
AC   KW-0079
DE   Protein that confers to a bacteria immunity against a specific
DE   bacteriocin that it synthesizes.
GO   GO:0030153; bacteriocin immunity
HI   Biological process: Bacteriocin immunity.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Bacteriocin transport.
AC   KW-0080
DE   Protein involved in the export of a bacteriocin (bacterial antibiotic).
GO   GO:0043213; bacteriocin transport
HI   Biological process: Transport; Protein transport; Bacteriocin transport.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Bacteriolytic enzyme.
AC   KW-0081
DE   Enzyme, e.g. lysozyme or endopeptidase, essential for lysis of
DE   bacterial cell walls.
GO   GO:0003824; catalytic activity
GO   GO:0019835; cytolysis
GO   GO:0042742; defense response to bacterium
HI   Molecular function: Antimicrobial; Bacteriolytic enzyme.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Bait region.
AC   KW-0082
DE   Protein having a peptide stretch which contains specific cleavage
DE   sites for different proteinases, and which enables inhibition of all
DE   four classes of proteinases.
GO   GO:0017114; wide-spectrum protease inhibitor activity
HI   Domain: Bait region.
CA   Domain.
//
ID   Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
AC   KW-0083
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), a
DE   genetically heterogeneous, autosomal recessive disorder. It is
DE   characterized by pigmentary retinopathy, obesity, polydactyly,
DE   hypogenitalism, renal malformation and mental retardation. Secondary
DE   features include diabetes mellitus, hypertension and congenital heart
DE   disease.
SY   BBS.
HI   Disease: Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Bartter syndrome.
AC   KW-0910
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes Bartter syndrome (BS). In general,
DE   Bartter syndrome refers to a group of autosomal recessive disorders
DE   characterized by often severe intravascular volume depletion due to
DE   renal salt-wasting associated with low blood pressure, hypokalemic
DE   alkalosis, hypercalciuria, and normal serum magnesium levels. Patients
DE   with Bartter syndrome are often critically ill from birth onwards, and
DE   their long-term clinical course may be complicated by nephrocalcinosis,
DE   leading to renal failure. Clinical disease results from defective renal
DE   reabsorption of sodium chloride in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of
DE   the Henle loop, where only 30% of filtered salt is normally reabsorbed.
HI   Disease: Bartter syndrome.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Basement membrane.
AC   KW-0084
DE   Protein which is a component of the basement membrane, an
DE   extracellular matrix found under epithelial cells and around smooth
DE   and striated muscle cells. This matrix contains intrinsic
DE   macromolecular components such as collagen, laminin, and sulfated
DE   proteoglycans.
GO   GO:0005604; basement membrane
HI   Cellular component: Secreted; Extracellular matrix; Basement membrane.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Behavior.
AC   KW-0085
DE   Protein which affects the behavior, the action or reaction, of an
DE   organism to a stimulus or situation.
GO   GO:0007610; behavior
HI   Biological process: Behavior.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Bence-Jones protein.
AC   KW-0086
DE   Protein which is a dimer of immunoglobulin light chains synthesized
DE   in large amounts by patients who have myeloma or bone marrow tumor.
DE   Bence-Jones protein is sufficiently small to be excreted by the kidney
DE   into urine.
HI   Molecular function: Bence-Jones protein.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Bernard Soulier syndrome.
AC   KW-0087
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes Bernard Soulier syndrome (BSS), a
DE   familial coagulation disorder characterized by a prolonged bleeding
DE   time, unusually large platelets, and impaired prothrombin consumption.
DE   BSS is caused by a genetic deficiency in platelet membrane
DE   glycoprotein Ib alpha chain and platelet glycoprotein IX, where
DE   platelets aggregate normally but do not stick to collagen of the sub-
DE   endothelial membrane.
SY   BSS.
HI   Disease: Bernard Soulier syndrome.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Bile acid catabolism.
AC   KW-0088
DE   Protein involved in degradation of bile acids. Bile acids, which exist
DE   mainly as bile salts, are a family of carboxylic acid derivatives of
DE   cholesterol which play an important role in the digestion and
DE   absorption of fat. They are made in the liver, stored in the
DE   gallblader, and secreted as needed into the intestines.
SY   Bile acid breakdown; Bile acid catabolic process;
SY   Bile acid degradation; Bile salt breakdown;
SY   Bile salt catabolic process; Bile salt catabolism;
SY   Bile salt degradation.
GO   GO:0030573; bile acid catabolic process
HI   Biological process: Lipid metabolism; Steroid metabolism; Bile acid catabolism.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Bile pigment.
AC   KW-0089
DE   Protein binding covalently at least one linear tetrapyrrole
DE   chromophore, e.g. bilirubin, biliverdin, bilifuscin, biliprasin,
DE   choleprasin, bilihumin, and bilicyanin. Bile pigments are produced by
DE   breaking down protoporphyrin IX derived from hemoglobin and other heme
DE   proteins.
SY   Bilin chromophore.
HI   Ligand: Chromophore; Bile pigment.
CA   Ligand.
//
IC   Biological process.
AC   KW-9999
DE   Keywords assigned to proteins because they are involved in a
DE   particular biological process.
//
ID   Biological rhythms.
AC   KW-0090
DE   Protein involved in the generation of rhythmic pattern of behaviors or
DE   activities, e.g. circadian rhythm which is a metabolic or behavioural
DE   rhythm within a cycle of 24 hours.
SY   Rhythmic process.
GO   GO:0048511; rhythmic process
HI   Biological process: Biological rhythms.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Biomineralization.
AC   KW-0091
DE   Protein involved in the process by which mineral crystals are
DE   deposited in an organized fashion in the matrix (either cellular or
DE   extracellular) of living organisms. Such process give rise to
DE   inorganic-based structures such as bone, tooth, ivory, shells,
DE   cuticles, corals or bacterial magnetosomes.
GO   GO:0001503; ossification
HI   Biological process: Biomineralization.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Biotin.
AC   KW-0092
DE   Protein which contains at least one biotin as prosthetic group or
DE   cofactor (e.g. some carboxylases and decarboxylases, and biotin
DE   carboxyl carrier protein) or which binds biotin, like avidin. Biotin
DE   is a water-soluble vitamin (member of the B complex vitamins)
DE   essential for fatty acid biosynthesis, catabolism, and it acts as a
DE   growth factor for many cells.
SY   Vitamin B7; Vitamin B8; Vitamin H; Coenzyme R; Biopeiderm.
HI   Ligand: Biotin.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Biotin biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0093
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of biotin, a prosthetic group for
DE   some carboxylase and decarboxylase enzymes. This water-soluble vitamin
DE   is essential for fatty acid biosynthesis, catabolism, and it acts as a
DE   growth factor for many cells.
SY   Biopeiderm anabolism; Biopeiderm biosynthesis;
SY   Biopeiderm biosynthetic process; Biopeiderm formation;
SY   Biopeiderm synthesis; Biotin anabolism; Biotin biosynthetic process;
SY   Biotin formation; Biotin synthesis; Coenzyme R anabolism;
SY   Coenzyme R biosynthesis; Coenzyme R biosynthetic process;
SY   Coenzyme R formation; Coenzyme R synthesis;
SY   Vitamin B7 anabolism; Vitamin B7 biosynthetic process;
SY   Vitamin B7 formation; Vitamin B7 synthesis;
SY   Vitamin B8 anabolism; Vitamin B8 biosynthetic process;
SY   Vitamin B8 formation; Vitamin B8 synthesis; Vitamin H anabolism;
SY   Vitamin H biosynthesis; Vitamin H biosynthetic process;
SY   Vitamin H formation; Vitamin H synthesis.
GO   GO:0009102; biotin biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Biotin biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Blood coagulation.
AC   KW-0094
DE   Protein involved in blood clotting, a complex enzymatic cascade, in
DE   which the activated form of one factor catalyzes the activation of the
DE   next factor. Both, the extrinsic clotting pathway, induced by a
DE   damaged surface, and the intrinsic pathway, induced by a trauma,
DE   converge in a final common pathway to form cross-linked fibrin clots.
GO   GO:0007596; blood coagulation
HI   Biological process: Blood coagulation.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Blood group antigen.
AC   KW-0095
DE   Protein belonging to the set of cell surface antigens found chiefly,
DE   but not solely, on blood cells. More than fifteen different blood
DE   group systems are recognised in humans. In most cases the antigenic
DE   determinant resides in the carbohydrate chains of membrane
DE   glycoproteins or glycolipids.
SY   Agglutinogen.
HI   Molecular function: Blood group antigen.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0100
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of the essential aliphatic branched-
DE   chain amino acids leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val).
SY   Branched-chain amino acid anabolism;
SY   Branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic process;
SY   Branched-chain amino acid formation;
SY   Branched-chain amino acid synthesis.
GO   GO:0009082; branched chain family amino acid biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Amino-acid biosynthesis; Branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Branched-chain amino acid catabolism.
AC   KW-0101
DE   Protein involved in the degradation of the branched-chain amino acids
DE   leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val).
SY   Branched-chain amino acid breakdown;
SY   Branched-chain amino acid catabolic process;
SY   Branched-chain amino acid degradation.
GO   GO:0009083; branched chain family amino acid catabolic process
HI   Biological process: Branched-chain amino acid catabolism.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Bromination.
AC   KW-0102
DE   Protein which is posttranslationally modified by the attachment of at
DE   least one bromine.
SY   Brominated; Bromated.
HI   PTM: Bromination.
CA   PTM.
//
ID   Bromodomain.
AC   KW-0103
DE   Protein containing at least one bromodomain. The bromodomain is a
DE   conserved region, approximately 70 amino acids, characteristic for a
DE   class of regulatory proteins. It mediates interactions with proteins
DE   that are necessary for transcriptional activation.
HI   Domain: Bromodomain.
CA   Domain.
//
ID   Brugada syndrome.
AC   KW-0992
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes Brugada syndrome, a heart disease
DE   characterized by an electrocardiogram pattern showing ST segment
DE   elevation in right precordial leads (V1 to V3), incomplete or complete
DE   right bundle branch block, and ventricular tachyarrhythmia. In some
DE   cases, tachycardia does not terminate spontaneously and it may
DE   degenerate into ventricular fibrillation and lead to sudden death.
SY   BRS.
HI   Disease: Brugada syndrome.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   c-di-GMP.
AC   KW-0973
DE   Protein whose function is c-di-GMP-dependent or which catalyzes its
DE   hydrolysis. c-di-GMP is the abbreviation for cyclic di-GMP, bis-(3'-
DE   5') cyclic diguanylic acid. It acts as a bacterial second messenger.
SY   3',5'-cyclic di-GMP; Cyclic dinucleotide di-GMP; Cyclic diguanylate;
SY   Bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate; c-(Gpgp); cGpGp;
SY   Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate; 3'-5'-cyclic diguanylic acid;
SY   Bis-(3'-5') cyclic diguanylic acid; Cyclic diguanylic acid;
SY   Cyclic-bis(3',5')diguanylic acid.
HI   Ligand: c-di-GMP.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Cadmium.
AC   KW-0104
DE   Protein which binds at least one cadmium atom, or protein whose
DE   function is cadmium-dependent. Cadmium is a heavy metal, chemical
DE   symbol Cd.
SY   Cd; Cadmium ion.
GO   GO:0046870; cadmium ion binding
HI   Ligand: Cadmium.
WW   http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Cd/
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Cadmium resistance.
AC   KW-0105
DE   Protein that confers, on bacteria and other microorganisms, the
DE   ability to withstand the transition metal cadmium (Cd).
SY   Cadmium ion resistance; Cd resistance; Resistance to cadmium;
SY   Resistance to cadmium ion; Resistance to Cd.
GO   GO:0046686; response to cadmium ion
HI   Biological process: Cadmium resistance.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Calcium.
AC   KW-0106
DE   Protein which binds at least one calcium atom, or protein whose function
DE   is calcium-dependent. Calcium is a metal, chemical symbol Ca. Calcium is
DE   essential for a variety of bodily functions, such as neurotransmission,
DE   muscle contraction and proper heart function.
SY   Ca; Calcium ion.
GO   GO:0005509; calcium ion binding
HI   Ligand: Calcium.
WW   http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ca/
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Calcium channel.
AC   KW-0107
DE   Cell membrane glycoprotein forming a channel in a biological membrane
DE   selectively permeable to calcium ions. Calcium is essential for a
DE   variety of bodily functions, such as neurotransmission, muscle
DE   contraction and proper heart function.
SY   Ca channel; Calcium ion channel.
GO   GO:0005262; calcium channel activity
HI   Molecular function: Ionic channel; Calcium channel.
HI   Biological process: Transport; Ion transport; Calcium transport; Calcium channel.
HI   Ligand: Calcium; Calcium channel.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Calcium channel inhibitor.
AC   KW-0108
DE   Protein which interferes with the function of calcium channels which
DE   are membrane proteins forming a channel in a biological membrane
DE   selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are found in various
DE   venoms from snakes, scorpions and spiders.
SY   Ca channel inhibitor; Calcium ion channel inhibitor.
GO   GO:0019855; calcium channel inhibitor activity
HI   Molecular function: Toxin; Ionic channel inhibitor; Calcium channel inhibitor.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Calcium transport.
AC   KW-0109
DE   Protein involved in the transport of calcium ions. Calcium is
DE   essential for a variety of bodily functions, such as
DE   neurotransmission, muscle contraction and proper heart function.
SY   Ca transport; Calcium ion transport.
GO   GO:0006816; calcium ion transport
HI   Biological process: Transport; Ion transport; Calcium transport.
HI   Ligand: Calcium; Calcium transport.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Calcium/phospholipid-binding.
AC   KW-0111
DE   Protein which contains at least one binding site for calcium and
DE   phospholipid. For example, proteins with annexin repeats, of which a
DE   pair may form one binding site for calcium and phospholipid, or
DE   some proteins with C2 domains.
SY   Calcium-dependent phospholipid binding.
GO   GO:0005544; calcium-dependent phospholipid binding
HI   Ligand: Calcium; Calcium/phospholipid-binding.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Calmodulin-binding.
AC   KW-0112
DE   Protein which binds at least one calmodulin, an ubiquitous small
DE   calcium-binding protein. Its binding to proteins may cause a
DE   conformational change which either activates or inactivates their
DE   function.
GO   GO:0005516; calmodulin binding
HI   Ligand: Calmodulin-binding.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Calvin cycle.
AC   KW-0113
DE   Protein involved in the cycle of biochemical reactions responsible for
DE   photosynthetic CO(2) fixation in many photosynthetic bacteria and in
DE   the stroma of plant chloroplasts. The energy and reducing power for
DE   this reaction are provided by the ATP and NADPH produced during the
DE   light reactions of photosynthesis. The Calvin cycle is the only
DE   photosynthetic pathway in C3 plants. In C4 and CAM plants CO(2) is
DE   initially fixed into other organic acids that are subsequently
DE   decarboxylated to release CO(2) to the Calvin cycle. Non-
DE   photosynthetic organism (e.g. Rhizobium) also use the cycle to fix
DE   CO(2).
SY   Calvin-Benson cycle; Reductive pentose phosphate cycle.
GO   GO:0019253; reductive pentose-phosphate cycle
HI   Biological process: Calvin cycle.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   cAMP.
AC   KW-0114
DE   Protein whose function is cAMP-dependent or which catalyzes its
DE   hydrolysis. cAMP is the abbreviation for cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-
DE   cyclic monophosphate, the first second messenger hormone signaling
DE   system to be characterised. It is generated from ATP by the action of
DE   adenyl cyclase that is coupled to hormone receptors by G proteins.
DE   cAMP activates a specific protein kinase and is inactivated by
DE   phosphodiesterase action giving 5'AMP.
SY   3',5'-cyclic AMP; Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate;
SY   Adenosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate; Cyclic adenylic acid;
SY   Cyclic AMP.
HI   Ligand: cAMP.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   cAMP biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0115
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of cAMP. cAMP is the abbreviation for
DE   cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate.
SY   3',5'-cyclic AMP anabolism; 3',5'-cyclic AMP biosynthesis;
SY   3',5'-cyclic AMP biosynthetic process; 3',5'-cyclic AMP formation;
SY   3',5'-cyclic AMP synthesis; Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate anabolism;
SY   Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate biosynthesis;
SY   Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate biosynthetic process;
SY   Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate formation;
SY   Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate synthesis;
SY   Adenosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate anabolism;
SY   Adenosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate biosynthesis;
SY   Adenosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate biosynthetic process;
SY   Adenosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate formation;
SY   Adenosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate synthesis; cAMP anabolism;
SY   cAMP biosynthetic process; cAMP formation; cAMP synthesis;
SY   Cyclic adenylic acid anabolism; Cyclic adenylic acid biosynthesis;
SY   Cyclic adenylic acid biosynthetic process;
SY   Cyclic adenylic acid formation; Cyclic adenylic acid synthesis;
SY   Cyclic AMP anabolism; Cyclic AMP biosynthesis;
SY   Cyclic AMP biosynthetic process; Cyclic AMP formation;
SY   Cyclic AMP synthesis.
GO   GO:0006171; cAMP biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: cAMP biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   cAMP-binding.
AC   KW-0116
DE   Protein which binds at least one cAMP. cAMP is the abbreviation for
DE   cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate.
SY   3',5'-cyclic AMP-binding; Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate-binding;
SY   Adenosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate-binding;
SY   Cyclic adenylic acid-binding; Cyclic AMP-binding.
GO   GO:0030552; cAMP binding
HI   Ligand: Nucleotide-binding; cAMP-binding.
HI   Ligand: cAMP; cAMP-binding.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Capsid assembly.
AC   KW-0118
DE   Viral protein that helps in the assembly of the capsid proteins,
DE   but is not integrated in the virion.
SY   Coat assembly; Viral capsid assembly.
GO   GO:0019069; viral capsid assembly
HI   Biological process: Capsid assembly.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Capsid maturation.
AC   KW-0917
DE   Viral protein involved in the maturation of the procapsid into the
DE   mature capsid. Maturation usually involves proteolysis events and
DE   changes in the folding of the capsid proteins.
SY   Viral procapsid maturation.
GO   GO:0046797; viral procapsid maturation
HI   Biological process: Capsid maturation.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Capsid protein.
AC   KW-0167
DE   Structural protein of the virion that protects the nucleic acids of
DE   the virus.
SY   Coat protein.
GO   GO:0005198; structural molecule activity
GO   GO:0019028; viral capsid
HI   Cellular component: Virion; Capsid protein.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Capsule.
AC   KW-0875
DE   Protein which is part of a capsule, the protective structure
DE   surrounding some bacteria or fungi. The bacterial capsule is a layer
DE   of material, usually polysaccharide, attached to the cell wall
DE   possibly via covalent attachments to either phospholipid or lipid-A
DE   molecules. It has several functions: promote bacterial adhesion to
DE   surfaces or interaction with other organisms; act as a permeability
DE   barrier, as a defense mechanism against phagocytosis and/or as a
DE   nutrient reserve. Among pathogens, capsule formation often correlates
DE   with pathogenicity. The fungal capsule is an extracellular layer which
DE   lies outside the cell wall and it is usually composed of
DE   polysaccharides. It protects the cell from different environmental
DE   dangers such as phagocytosis, dessication, etc.
HI   Cellular component: Secreted; Capsule.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Capsule biogenesis/degradation.
AC   KW-0972
DE   Protein which is involved in the formation, organization, maintenance
DE   or degradation of the capsule. The capsule is a protective structure
DE   surrounding some bacteria or fungi. The bacterial capsule is a layer
DE   of material, usually polysaccharide, attached to the cell wall
DE   possibly via covalent attachments to either phospholipid or lipid-A
DE   molecules. The fungal capsule is an extracellular layer which lies
DE   outside the cell wall and it is usually composed of polysaccharides.
HI   Biological process: Capsule biogenesis/degradation.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Carbohydrate metabolism.
AC   KW-0119
DE   Protein participating in biochemical reactions in which carbohydrates
DE   are involved. Carbohydrate is a general term for sugars and related
DE   compounds with the general formula Cn(H2O)n. The smallest are
DE   monosaccharides (e.g. glucose); polysaccharides (e.g. starch,
DE   cellulose, glycogen) can be large and vary in length.
SY   Carbohydrate metabolic process; Sugar metaabolism;
SY   Sugar metabolic process.
GO   GO:0005975; carbohydrate metabolic process
HI   Biological process: Carbohydrate metabolism.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Carbon dioxide fixation.
AC   KW-0120
DE   Protein involved in the process of carbon dioxide fixation, e.g.
DE   incorporation of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates by photosynthetic
DE   organisms or formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate.
SY   Carbon utilization by fixation of carbon dioxide;
SY   Carbon utilization by fixation of CO(2);
SY   Carbon utilization by fixation of CO2; CO(2) fixation; CO2 fixation.
GO   GO:0015977; carbon utilization by fixation of carbon dioxide
HI   Biological process: Carbon dioxide fixation.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Carboxypeptidase.
AC   KW-0121
DE   Protein that hydrolyzes a C-terminal peptide bond in polypeptide
DE   chains.
GO   GO:0004180; carboxypeptidase activity
HI   Molecular function: Hydrolase; Protease; Carboxypeptidase.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Cardiomyopathy.
AC   KW-0122
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes cardiomyopathy, a chronic disorder
DE   which affects the heart muscle causing a reduced pumping function. It
DE   is a major cause of morbidity and mortality.
HI   Disease: Cardiomyopathy.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Cardiotoxin.
AC   KW-0123
DE   Protein which has a poisonous or deleterious effect upon the heart or
DE   other parts of the cardiovascular system.
GO   GO:0009405; pathogenesis
HI   Molecular function: Toxin; Cardiotoxin.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Carnitine biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0124
DE   Protein involved in the biosynthesis of carnitine (L-3-hydroxy-4,
DE   N,N,N-trimethylaminobutyrate), an essential metabolite with a number
DE   of indispensable roles in intermediary metabolism.
SY   3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate anabolism;
SY   3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate biosynthesis;
SY   3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate biosynthetic process;
SY   3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate formation;
SY   3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate synthesis;
SY   Carnitine anabolism; Carnitine biosynthetic process;
SY   Carnitine formation; Carnitine synthesis;
SY   Gamma-trimethyl-hydroxybutyrobetaine anabolism;
SY   Gamma-trimethyl-hydroxybutyrobetaine biosynthesis;
SY   Gamma-trimethyl-hydroxybutyrobetaine biosynthetic process;
SY   Gamma-trimethyl-hydroxybutyrobetaine formation;
SY   Gamma-trimethyl-hydroxybutyrobetaine synthesis.
GO   GO:0045329; carnitine biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Carnitine biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Carotenoid biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0125
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of carotenoids, a group of
DE   orange, yellow, red, purple or brown pigments in plants, bacteria and
DE   some fungi. Carotenoids, which comprise the carotenes and the
DE   xanthophylls, are long polyisoprenoid molecules having conjugated
DE   double bonds enabling light absorbtion.
SY   Carotenoid anabolism; Carotenoid biosynthetic process;
SY   Carotenoid formation; Carotenoid synthesis.
GO   GO:0016117; carotenoid biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Carotenoid biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cataract.
AC   KW-0898
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes cataract, a partial or complete
DE   ocular opacity that affects the crystalline lens or its capsule,
DE   leading to impaired vision or blindness. The many types of cataract
DE   are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or
DE   etiology (cause and time of occurrence). Cataracts may occur as an
DE   isolated anomaly, as part of generalized ocular developmental defects,
DE   or as a component of a multisystem disorder.
HI   Disease: Cataract.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Catecholamine biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0127
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of catecholamines, which are amine
DE   derivatives of catechol (2-hydroxyphenol). They are synthesized from
DE   the amino acid tyrosine (Tyr) in sympathetic-nerve terminals and in
DE   the adrenal gland. Catecholamines act as hormones or neuro-
DE   transmitters, e.g. adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine.
SY   Catecholamine anabolism; Catecholamine biosynthetic process;
SY   Catecholamine formation; Catecholamine synthesis.
GO   GO:0042423; catecholamine biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Catecholamine biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Catecholamine metabolism.
AC   KW-0128
DE   Protein participating the biochemical reactions in which
DE   catecholamines are involved. Catecholamines are amine derivatives of
DE   catechol (2-hydroxyphenol). They are synthesized from the amino acid
DE   tyrosine (Tyr) in sympathetic-nerve terminals and in the adrenal
DE   gland. Catecholamines act as hormones or neuro-transmitters, e.g.
DE   adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine.
SY   Catecholamine metabolic process.
GO   GO:0006584; catecholamine metabolic process
HI   Biological process: Catecholamine metabolism.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   CBS domain.
AC   KW-0129
DE   Protein containing at least one CBS domain, a conserved domain found
DE   in a wide range of proteins, which is named after cystathionine beta-
DE   synthase (CBS), an enzyme that contains 2 copies of this domain.
HI   Domain: CBS domain.
CA   Domain.
//
ID   Cell adhesion.
AC   KW-0130
DE   Protein involved in the adherence of cells to other cells or to a
DE   matrix. Cell adhesion is mediated by cell surface proteins.
GO   GO:0005515; protein binding
GO   GO:0007155; cell adhesion
HI   Biological process: Cell adhesion.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cell cycle.
AC   KW-0131
DE   Protein involved in the complex series of events by which the cell
DE   duplicates its contents and divides into two. The eukaryotic cell
DE   cycle can be divided in four phases termed G1 (first gap period), S
DE   (synthesis, phase during which the DNA is replicated), G2 (second gap
DE   period) and M (mitosis). The prokaryotic cell cycle typically involves
DE   a period of growth followed by DNA replication, partition of
DE   chromosomes, formation of septum and division into two similar or
DE   identical daughter cells.
GO   GO:0007049; cell cycle
HI   Biological process: Cell cycle.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cell division.
AC   KW-0132
DE   Protein involved in the separation of one cell into two daughter
DE   cells. In eukaryotic cells, cell division includes the nuclear
DE   division (mitosis) and the subsequent cytoplasmic division
DE   (cytokinesis).
GO   GO:0051301; cell division
HI   Biological process: Cell cycle; Cell division.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cell junction.
AC   KW-0965
DE   Protein found in or associated with a cell junction, a cell-cell or
DE   cell-extracellular matrix contact within a tissue of a multicellular
DE   organism, especially abundant in epithelia. In vertebrates, there are
DE   three major types of cell junctions: anchoring junctions (e.g.
DE   adherens junctions), communicating junctions (e.g. gap junctions) and
DE   occluding junctions (e.g. tight junctions).
GO   GO:0030054; cell junction
HI   Cellular component: Cell junction.
WW   http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.section.3469
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cell inner membrane.
AC   KW-0997
DE   Protein found in or associated with the bacterial cell inner membrane,
DE   a selectively permeable membrane which separates the cytoplasm from
DE   the periplasm in Gram-negative bacterial cells.
SY   Inner membrane.
HI   Cellular component: Membrane; Cell membrane; Cell inner membrane.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cell membrane.
AC   KW-1003
DE   Protein found in or associated with the cell membrane, a selectively
DE   permeable membrane which separates the cytoplasm from its
DE   surroundings. In most archaea, bacteria, fungi, plants, and algae the
DE   cell membrane is enclosed by at least the cell wall. Also used when it
DE   is not known if the protein is found in or associated with the inner
DE   or outer cell membrane.
SY   Plasma membrane; Plasmalemma; Cytoplasmic membrane.
GO   GO:0005886; plasma membrane
HI   Cellular component: Membrane; Cell membrane.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cell outer membrane.
AC   KW-0998
DE   Protein found in or associated with the bacterial cell outer membrane,
DE   a selectively permeable membrane which separates the bacterial
DE   periplasm from the Gram-negative bacterial cell surroundings. In most
DE   bacteria, the cell membrane is enclosed by at least the cell wall.
SY   Outer membrane.
HI   Cellular component: Membrane; Cell membrane; Cell outer membrane.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cell projection.
AC   KW-0966
DE   Protein found in or associated with a cell protrusion such as
DE   pseudopodium, filopodium, lamellipodium, growth cone, flagellum,
DE   acrosome or axon, or bacterial comet tail. These membrane-
DE   cytoskeleton-coupled processes are involved in many biological
DE   functions, such as cell motility, cancer-cell invasion, endocytosis,
DE   phagocytosis, exocytosis, pathogen infection, neurite extension and
DE   cytokinesis.
SY   Cell protrusion.
GO   GO:0042995; cell projection
HI   Cellular component: Cell projection.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cell shape.
AC   KW-0133
DE   Protein involved in the formation and maintenance of the cell shape,
DE   the physical dimensions of a cell. In most plants, algae, bacteria and
DE   fungi the cell wall is responsible for the shape of the cells.
GO   GO:0008360; regulation of cell shape
HI   Biological process: Cell shape.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cell wall.
AC   KW-0134
DE   Protein found in or associated with a complex and rigid layer
DE   surrounding the cell. Cell walls are found in bacteria, archaea,
DE   fungi, plants, and algae. The cell wall is surrounded by the outer
DE   membrane in gram-negative bacteria, and envelopes the inner or plasma
DE   membrane in gram-negative, gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria. Cell
DE   walls of bacteria contain peptidoglycan whereas those of archaea do
DE   not. Some archaea may contain pseudopeptidoglycan, which is composed
DE   of N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid, instead of N-acetyl muramic acid in
DE   peptidoglycan. The plant cell wall is made of fibrils of cellulose
DE   embedded in a matrix of several other kinds of polymers such as pectin
DE   and lignin. Algal cell walls are usually composed of cellulose,
DE   glycoproteins, sporopollenin, calcium and various polysaccharides such
DE   as manosyl, xylanes, alginic acid. Diatom cell walls (or frustules)
DE   contain silica. The cell wall plays a role in cell shape, cell
DE   stability and development, and protection against environmental
DE   dangers.
GO   GO:0005618; cell wall
HI   Cellular component: Secreted; Cell wall.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cell wall biogenesis/degradation.
AC   KW-0961
DE   Protein which is involved in the formation, organization, maintenance
DE   or degradation of the cell wall. The cell wall is an extracellular
DE   layer outside the cell membrane which protects the cell against
DE   mechanical damage, osmotic strength and which determines the cell
DE   shape. It is prominent in most plants, algae, bacteria and fungi.
GO   GO:0007047; cell wall organization and biogenesis
HI   Biological process: Cell wall biogenesis/degradation.
CA   Biological process.
//
IC   Cellular component.
AC   KW-9998
DE   Keywords assigned to proteins because they are found in a specific
DE   cellular or extracellular component.
//
ID   Cellulose biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0135
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of cellulose, a linear polymer of
DE   (1-4)-beta-linked D-glucose subunits. It is the most abundant cell-
DE   wall and structural polysaccharide in plants and it is also found in
DE   some lower invertebrates. Cellulose is the major component of wood and
DE   thus of paper. Cotton is the purest natural form of cellulose. As a
DE   raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in
DE   chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing and
DE   pharmaceutical preparations.
SY   Cellulose anabolism; Cellulose biosynthetic process;
SY   Cellulose formation; Cellulose synthesis.
GO   GO:0030244; cellulose biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Cellulose biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cellulose degradation.
AC   KW-0136
DE   Protein involved in the conversion of cellulose into D-glucose.
DE   Cellulose is the most abundant cell-wall and structural polysaccharide
DE   in plants and it is also found in some lower invertebrates. Cellulose
DE   is the major component of wood and thus of paper. Cotton is the purest
DE   natural form of cellulose. As a raw material, it forms the basis for
DE   many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials,
DE   explosives manufacturing and pharmaceutical preparations.
SY   Cellulose breakdown; Cellulose catabolic process;
SY   Cellulose catabolism.
GO   GO:0030245; cellulose catabolic process
HI   Biological process: Carbohydrate metabolism; Polysaccharide degradation; Cellulose degradation.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Centromere.
AC   KW-0137
DE   Protein which binds centromeres or which is required for the assembly
DE   and movement of centromeres. Centromeres are the regions of replicated
DE   eukaryotic chromosomes where the two chromatids are joined together.
SY   Chromosome pericentric region.
GO   GO:0000775; chromosome, pericentric region
HI   Cellular component: Centromere.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   CF(0).
AC   KW-0138
DE   Protein component of the F-type ATP synthase complex CF(0) or protein
DE   involved in its assembly. F-type ATPases consist of the two complex
DE   components CF(0), the membrane proton channel, and CF(1), the
DE   catalytic core.
SY   ATPase membrane proton channel;
SY   Proton-transporting ATP synthase complex coupling factor F(0).
GO   GO:0045263; proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)
HI   Cellular component: CF(0).
HI   Biological process: Transport; Ion transport; Hydrogen ion transport; CF(0).
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   CF(1).
AC   KW-0139
DE   Protein component of the F-type ATP synthase complex CF(1) or protein
DE   involved in its assembly. F-type ATPases consist of the two complex
DE   components CF(0), the membrane proton channel, and CF(1), the
DE   catalytic core.
SY   ATPase catalytic core;
SY   Proton-transporting ATP synthase complex catalytic core F(1).
GO   GO:0045261; proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)
HI   Cellular component: CF(1).
HI   Biological process: ATP synthesis; CF(1).
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   cGMP.
AC   KW-0140
DE   Protein whose function is cGMP-dependent or which catalyzes its
DE   hydrolysis. cGMP is the abbreviation for cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-
DE   cyclic monophosphate. It acts as a second messenger.
SY   3',5'-cyclic GMP; Cyclic GMP; Cyclic guanylic acid;
SY   Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate; Guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.
HI   Ligand: cGMP.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   cGMP biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0141
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of cGMP. cGMP is the abbreviation
DE   for cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate.
SY   3',5'-cyclic GMP anabolism; 3',5'-cyclic GMP biosynthesis;
SY   3',5'-cyclic GMP biosynthetic process; 3',5'-cyclic GMP formation;
SY   3',5'-cyclic GMP synthesis; cGMP anabolism; cGMP biosynthetic process;
SY   cGMP formation; cGMP synthesis; Cyclic GMP anabolism;
SY   Cyclic GMP biosynthesis; Cyclic GMP biosynthetic process;
SY   Cyclic GMP formation; Cyclic GMP synthesis;
SY   Cyclic guanylic acid anabolism; Cyclic guanylic acid biosynthesis;
SY   Cyclic guanylic acid biosynthetic process;
SY   Cyclic guanylic acid formation; Cyclic guanylic acid synthesis;
SY   Guanosine 3',5'-phosphate anabolism;
SY   Guanosine 3',5'-phosphate biosynthesis;
SY   Guanosine 3',5'-phosphate biosynthetic process;
SY   Guanosine 3',5'-phosphate formation;
SY   Guanosine 3',5'-phosphate synthesis;
SY   Guanosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate anabolism;
SY   Guanosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate biosynthesis;
SY   Guanosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate biosynthetic process;
SY   Guanosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate formation;
SY   Guanosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate synthesis.
GO   GO:0006182; cGMP biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: cGMP biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   cGMP-binding.
AC   KW-0142
DE   Protein which binds at least one cGMP. cGMP is the abbreviation for
DE   cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate.
SY   3',5'-cyclic GMP-binding; Cyclic GMP-binding;
SY   Cyclic guanylic acid-binding;
SY   Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-binding;
SY   Guanosine 3',5'-phosphate-binding.
GO   GO:0030553; cGMP binding
HI   Ligand: Nucleotide-binding; cGMP-binding.
HI   Ligand: cGMP; cGMP-binding.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Chaperone.
AC   KW-0143
DE   Protein which is transiently involved in the noncovalent folding,
DE   assembly and/or disassembly of other polypeptides or RNA molecules,
DE   including any transport and oligomerisation processes they may
DE   undergo, and the refolding and reassembly of protein and RNA molecules
DE   denatured by stress. Though involved in these processes, chaperones
DE   are not an integral part of these functioning molecules. Also used for
DE   metallochaperones, which function to provide a metal directly to
DE   target proteins while protecting this metal from scavengers.
GO   GO:0006457; protein folding
HI   Molecular function: Chaperone.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
AC   KW-0144
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT),
DE   a heterogeneous group of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies
DE   (HMSN) characterized by distal muscular atrophy and weakness, hollow
DE   feet, absent or diminished deep-tendon reflexes and impaired
DE   sensation. CMT is classified into two major classes. CMT type 1
DE   includes demyelinating neuropathies that are characterized by nerve
DE   conductance velocities (NCVs) less than 38m/s and segmental
DE   demyelination and remyelination; CMT type 2 includes axonal
DE   neuropathies that are characterized by normal or mildly reduced NCVs
DE   and chronic axonal degeneration and regeneration.
HI   Disease: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Chemotaxis.
AC   KW-0145
DE   Protein involved in the movement of a cell, or organism, along a
DE   concentration gradient of a chemotactic agent, such as a protein which
DE   causes, mediates or responds to chemotaxis. Chemotactic molecules such
DE   as sugars, peptides, cell metabolites, cell-wall or membrane lipids
DE   bind to cell surface receptors and trigger activation of intracellular
DE   signaling pathways, as well as remodeling of the cytoskeleton through
DE   the activation or inhibition of various actin-binding proteins.
GO   GO:0006935; chemotaxis
HI   Biological process: Chemotaxis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Chitin degradation.
AC   KW-0146
DE   Protein involved in the breakdown of chitin, a linear polysaccharide
DE   consisting of (1->4)-beta-linked D-glucosamine residues, most of which
DE   are N-acetylated.
SY   Chitin breakdown; Chitin catabolic process; Chitin catabolism.
GO   GO:0006032; chitin catabolic process
HI   Biological process: Carbohydrate metabolism; Polysaccharide degradation; Chitin degradation.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Chitin-binding.
AC   KW-0147
DE   Protein which binds chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of
DE   (1->4)-beta-linked D-glucosamine residues, most of which are N-
DE   acetylated. The 30-43 amino acids long chitin-binding domain contains
DE   several conserved glycine and cysteines residues. The conserved
DE   cysteines form disulfide bonds. Chitin-binding domains have been found
DE   in plant, fungal and bacterial proteins.
GO   GO:0008061; chitin binding
HI   Ligand: Chitin-binding.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Chloride.
AC   KW-0868
DE   Protein which binds at least one chloride, or protein whose function
DE   is chloride-dependent. Chloride is a negatively-charged ion, which is
DE   abbreviated Cl(-).
SY   Chloride ion; Chloride anion; Cl-.
GO   GO:0031404; chloride ion binding
HI   Ligand: Chloride.
WW   http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Cl/
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Chloride channel.
AC   KW-0869
DE   Protein which is part of an anion channel found in the plasma lemma
DE   and in intracellular membranes. These channels are permeable for
DE   various anions, such as iodide, bromide, but also for nitrates,
DE   phosphates and even negatively charged amino acids. They are called
DE   chloride channels, because chloride is the most abundant anion and the
DE   predominant permeating species in all organisms. They have been
DE   classified according to their gating mechanisms, which may depend on
DE   changes in the transmembrane electric field (voltage-dependent/gated
DE   chloride channels, e.g. ClC family), on a protein kinase/nucleotide
DE   mediated mechanism (CFTR), an increase in intracellular calcium
DE   (calcium activated chloride channels, e.g. CaCC), cell swelling
DE   (volume-regulated anion channels, e.g. VRAC) or binding of a ligand,
DE   e.g. glycine or - aminobutyric acid (GABA) activated channels. In
DE   contrast with cation channels, they are not involved in the initiation
DE   or spread of excitation, but in the regulation of excitability in
DE   nerve and muscle. They also participate in many housekeeping
DE   processes, such as volume regulation, pH regulation in organelles,
DE   electrogenesis and control of synaptic activity. The chloride channels
DE   are crucial for transepithelial transport and the control of water
DE   flow, and often provide unexpected permeation pathways for a large
DE   variety of anions.
SY   Chloride ion channel; Chloride anion channel; Cl- channel.
GO   GO:0005254; chloride channel activity
HI   Molecular function: Ionic channel; Chloride channel.
HI   Biological process: Transport; Ion transport; Chloride channel.
HI   Ligand: Chloride; Chloride channel.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Chloride channel inhibitor.
AC   KW-0870
DE   Protein which interferes with the function of chloride channels which
DE   are membrane proteins forming a channel in a biological membrane
DE   selectively permeable to chloride ions.
SY   Chloride ion channel inhibitor; Chloride anion channel inhibitor;
SY   Cl- channel inhibitor.
GO   GO:0019869; chloride channel inhibitor activity
HI   Molecular function: Toxin; Ionic channel inhibitor; Chloride channel inhibitor.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Chlorophyll.
AC   KW-0148
DE   Protein which interacts with chlorophyll, the major light-absorbing
DE   pigment in most oygenic green organisms. Higher plants contain
DE   chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b which are magnesium-porphyrin
DE   complexes esterified to a long hydrophobic terpenoid side chain (the
DE   alcohol phytol).
HI   Ligand: Chromophore; Chlorophyll.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Chlorophyll biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0149
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of chlorophylls. These
DE   photosynthetic pigments are magnesium-porphyrin complexes with a long
DE   hydrophobic terpenoid side chain (the alcohol phytol). Angiosperms
DE   have only a light-dependent pathway for chlorophyll biosynthesis,
DE   other oxygenic organisms seem to have both the light-dependent and the
DE   light-independent pathways.
SY   Chlorophyll anabolism; Chlorophyll biosynthetic process;
SY   Chlorophyll formation; Chlorophyll synthesis.
GO   GO:0015995; chlorophyll biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Chlorophyll biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Chlorophyll catabolism.
AC   KW-0881
DE   Protein involved in the degradation of chlorophylls. These
DE   photosynthetic pigments are magnesium-porphyrin complexes with a long
DE   hydrophobic terpenoid side chain (the alcohol phytol).
SY   Chlorophyll breakdown; Chlorophyll catabolic process;
SY   Chlorophyll degradation.
GO   GO:0015996; chlorophyll catabolic process
HI   Biological process: Chlorophyll catabolism.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Chloroplast.
AC   KW-0150
DE   Protein encoded by or localized in the chloroplast, the most common
DE   form of plastid, found in all photosynthetic organisms except
DE   glaucophyte algae. In green (photosynthesizing) tissue they house the
DE   machinery necessary for photosynthesis and CO(2) fixation. They are
DE   surrounded by between 2 and 4 membranes and contain thylakoids in
DE   green tissue.
GO   GO:0009507; chloroplast
HI   Cellular component: Plastid; Chloroplast.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Chlorosome.
AC   KW-0151
DE   Photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes found in green bacteria.
DE   Chlorosomes are sac-like organelles appressed to the cytoplasmic
DE   membrane of the cell membrane.
GO   GO:0046858; chlorosome
HI   Cellular component: Chlorosome.
HI   Biological process: Photosynthesis; Chlorosome.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cholesterol biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0152
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, the major sterol of
DE   higher animals. It is a component of cell membranes, especially of the
DE   plasma membrane.
SY   Cholesterol anabolism; Cholesterol biosynthetic process;
SY   Cholesterol formation; Cholesterol synthesis.
GO   GO:0006695; cholesterol biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Lipid synthesis; Steroid biosynthesis; Sterol biosynthesis; Cholesterol biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cholesterol metabolism.
AC   KW-0153
DE   Protein which participates in the biochemical reactions where
DE   cholesterol is involved, including transport. Cholesterol is the major
DE   sterol of higher animals and an important component of cell membranes,
DE   especially of the plasma membrane.
SY   Cholesterol metabolic process.
GO   GO:0008203; cholesterol metabolic process
HI   Biological process: Lipid metabolism; Steroid metabolism; Cholesterol metabolism.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Chondrogenesis.
AC   KW-0891
DE   Protein involved in chondrogenesis, the mechanism of cartilage
DE   formation. Chondrogenesis proceeds through determination of cells and
DE   their aggregation into prechondrogenic condensations, differentiation
DE   into chondrocytes, and later maturation. The formation of the long
DE   bones requires a cartilage template.
SY   Cartilage biogenesis; Cartilage biosynthesis; Cartilage development;
SY   Cartilage formation.
GO   GO:0051216; cartilage development
HI   Biological process: Differentiation; Chondrogenesis.
HI   Molecular function: Developmental protein; Chondrogenesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Chromate resistance.
AC   KW-0155
DE   Protein that enables bacteria and other microorganisms to withstand
DE   chromate, a salt of chromic acid (H2CrO4).
SY   Resistance to chromate.
GO   GO:0046687; response to chromate
HI   Biological process: Chromate resistance.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Chromatin regulator.
AC   KW-0156
DE   Protein controlling the opening or closing of chromatin.
GO   GO:0016568; chromatin modification
HI   Molecular function: Chromatin regulator.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Chromatophore.
AC   KW-0994
DE   Protein encoded by the chromatophore genome or a protein targeted to
DE   the chromatophore. The chromatophore is the photosynthetic inclusion
DE   found in Paulinella chromatophora, a photosynthetic thecate amoeba. It
DE   encodes and houses the machinery necessary for photosynthesis and
DE   CO(2) fixation; it also has the genetic capacity to synthesize some
DE   amino acids, some fatty acids and a few cofactors. It is not yet clear
DE   whether the chromatophore derives from the same endosymbiotic event
DE   that is thought to have led to all other plastids. It contains
DE   thylakoid membranes, and a residual peptidoglycan wall between the 2
DE   envelope membranes. There are 1 or 2 chromatophores per cell.
HI   Cellular component: Plastid; Chromatophore.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Chromophore.
AC   KW-0157
DE   Protein which interacts with one or more chromophores. A chromophore
DE   absorbs and transmits light energy. Originally it was used for visibly
DE   colored molecules, but it applies also to UV- and IR-absorbing
DE   molecules.
GO   GO:0018298; protein-chromophore linkage
HI   Ligand: Chromophore.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Chromoplast.
AC   KW-0957
DE   Protein found in or associated with a chromoplast, a plastid
DE   containing pigments other than chlorophyll. Found in flower, petals and
DE   fruit.
GO   GO:0009509; chromoplast
HI   Cellular component: Plastid; Chromoplast.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Chromosomal protein.
AC   KW-0158
DE   Protein which is associated with chromosomal DNA, including histones,
DE   protamines and high mobility group proteins.
SY   Chromosome.
GO   GO:0005694; chromosome
HI   Cellular component: Chromosomal protein.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Chromosome partition.
AC   KW-0159
DE   Protein involved in chromosome partition, the process by which newly
DE   replicated plasmids and chromosomes are actively segregated prior to
DE   cell division. E.g., par and soj which contribute to efficient
DE   chromosome partitioning by serving functions analogous to centromeres
DE   (i.e. pairing or positioning of sister chromosomes).
SY   Chromosome segregation.
GO   GO:0007059; chromosome segregation
HI   Biological process: Chromosome partition.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Chromosomal rearrangement.
AC   KW-0160
DE   Protein which can be altered by a structural chromosomal
DE   rearrangement. Structural rearrangements result from chromosome
DE   breakage, followed by reconstitution in an abnormal combination.
DE   Classes of chromosomal rearrangements include: deletions, duplications,
DE   insertions, inversions, translocations and transpositions.
HI   Coding sequence diversity: Chromosomal rearrangement.
CA   Coding sequence diversity.
//
ID   Chronic granulomatous disease.
AC   KW-0161
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes chronic granulomatous disease
DE   (CGD), a disease characterized by the failure of activated phagocytes
DE   to generate superoxide.
SY   CGD.
HI   Disease: Chronic granulomatous disease.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Chylomicron.
AC   KW-0162
DE   Protein component of the chylomicrons or involved in their catabolism.
DE   Chylomicrons are the largest lipoprotein complexes with the lowest
DE   protein-to-lipid ratio. They are present in the blood or lymph and
DE   transport exogenous (dietary) cholesterol, triacylglycerols and other
DE   lipids from the intestine to the liver or to the adipose tissue.
GO   GO:0042627; chylomicron
HI   Cellular component: Chylomicron.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cilium.
AC   KW-0969
DE   Protein found in or associated with a cilium, a cell surface
DE   projection found at the surface of a large proportion of eukaryotic
DE   cells. The two basic types of cilia, motile (alternatively named
DE   flagella) and non-motile, collectively perform a wide variety of
DE   functions broadly encompassing cell/fluid movement and sensory
DE   perception. Their most prominent structural component is the axoneme
DE   which consists of nine doublet microtubules, with all motile cilia -
DE   except those at the embryonic node - containing an additional central
DE   pair of microtubules. The axonemal microtubules of all cilia nucleate
DE   and extend from a basal body, a centriolar structure most often
DE   composed of a radial array of nine triplet microtubules. In most
DE   cells, basal bodies associate with cell membranes and cilia are
DE   assembled as 'extracellular' membrane-enclosed compartments.
SY   Cilia.
GO   GO:0005929; cilium
HI   Cellular component: Cell projection; Cilium.
WW   http://www.ciliome.com
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cilium biogenesis/degradation.
AC   KW-0970
DE   Protein which is involved in the formation, organization, maintenance
DE   and degradation of the cilium, a cell surface projection found at the
DE   surface of a large proportion of eukaryotic. Their most prominent
DE   structural component is the axoneme which consists of nine doublet
DE   microtubules, with all motile cilia - except those at the embryonic
DE   node - containing an additional central pair of microtubules.
GO   GO:0030030; cell projection organization and biogenesis
HI   Biological process: Cilium biogenesis/degradation.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Citrate utilization.
AC   KW-0163
DE   Protein which allows the utilization of the 6-carbon tricarboxylic acid
DE   citrate as a sole source of carbon and energy.
GO   GO:0005371; tricarboxylate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
HI   Biological process: Citrate utilization.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Citrullination.
AC   KW-0164
DE   Protein which is posttranslationally modified by the deimination of
DE   one or more arginine residues.
SY   2-amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoic acid; Citrulline;
SY   N5-carbamoylornithine.
HI   PTM: Citrullination.
CA   PTM.
//
ID   Cleavage on pair of basic residues.
AC   KW-0165
DE   Protein which is posttranslationally modified by the cleavage on at
DE   least one pair of basic residues, in order to release one or more
DE   mature active peptides (such as hormones).
HI   PTM: Cleavage on pair of basic residues.
CA   PTM.
//
ID   Coated pit.
AC   KW-0168
DE   Protein which is a component of a coated pit. Coated pits are regions
DE   of the donor membrane where the assembly of the vesicle coat take
DE   place. The coat assembles from soluble protomers such as coat protein
DE   complex-I and coat protein complex-II. The components of the coat
DE   often define the intracellular sorting station, and contribute to both
DE   membrane deformation and local movement of the resulting transport
DE   intermediate following scission. During the first steps of the
DE   vesicle-mediated membrane transport, coated pits are internalized to
DE   form coated vesicles which transport proteins between distinct
DE   membrane-bound organelles.
GO   GO:0005905; coated pit
HI   Cellular component: Membrane; Coated pit.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cobalamin.
AC   KW-0846
DE   Protein which contains at least one cobalamin as cofactor, e.g.
DE   methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, or which binds and/or transports cobalamin,
DE   such as intrinsic factor or transcobalamins. Cobalamin, which is
DE   synthesized by microorganisms, has equatorial sites occupied by a
DE   tetrapyrrol ring structure (corrin ring) with a cobalt(III) ion in the
DE   center, one axial site occupied by an intramolecularly-bound
DE   dimethylbenzimidazole and the other axial site occupied by a number of
DE   different ligands such as water (aquacobalamin), cyanide
DE   (cyanocobalamin=vitamin B12), glutathione (glutathionylcobalamin),
DE   5'deoxyadenosine (adenosylcobalamin=coenzyme B12) or a methyl group
DE   (methylcobalamin). It is a prosthetic group of certain mammalian
DE   enzymes, where it is essential for the normal maturation and development of
DE   erythrocytes. A deficiency in the diet or more frequently the failure to
DE   absorb the vitamin give rise to pernicious anemia.
SY   Vitamin B12.
GO   GO:0031419; cobalamin binding
HI   Ligand: Cobalt; Cobalamin.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Cobalamin biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0169
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of cobalamin. Cobalamin, which is
DE   synthesized by microorganisms, has equatorial sites occupied by a
DE   modified porphyrin ring system, with two of the four pyrrol rings
DE   fused directly (without an intervening methine bridge). The modified
DE   porphyrin system binds a cobalt(III) ion in the center, and this is
DE   called a corrin ring system. One axial site is occupied usually by an
DE   intramolecularly-bound dimethylbenzimidazole nucleotide and the other
DE   axial site is occupied by a number of different ligands such as water
DE   (aquacobalamin), cyanide (cyanocobalamine=vitamin B12), glutathione
DE   (glutathionylcobalamine), 5'deoxyadenosine
DE   (adenosylcobalamine=coenzyme B12) or a methyl group (methylcobalamin).
DE   Vitamin B12, for instance, is a prosthetic group of certain mammalian
DE   enzymes, where it is essential for the normal maturation and
DE   development of erythrocytes. A deficiency in the diet or more
DE   frequently the failure to absorb the vitamin B12 give rise to
DE   pernicious anemia.
SY   Cobalamin anabolism; Cobalamin biosynthetic process;
SY   Cobalamin formation; Cobalamin synthesis; Vitamin B12 anabolism;
SY   Vitamin B12 biosynthesis; Vitamin B12 biosynthetic process;
SY   Vitamin B12 formation; Vitamin B12 synthesis.
GO   GO:0009236; cobalamin biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Cobalamin biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cobalt.
AC   KW-0170
DE   Protein which binds at least one cobalt atom, or protein whose
DE   function is cobalt-dependent. Cobalt is a metallic element, chemical
DE   symbol Co.
SY   Co; Cobalt ion; Co ion; Cobalt cation; Co cation.
GO   GO:0050897; cobalt ion binding
HI   Ligand: Cobalt.
WW   http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Co/
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Cobalt transport.
AC   KW-0171
DE   Protein involved in the transport of the trace element cobalt, which
DE   is a component of vitamin B12.
SY   Co cation transport; Co ion transport; Co transport;
SY   Cobalt cation transport; Cobalt ion transport.
GO   GO:0015087; cobalt ion transmembrane transporter activity
GO   GO:0006824; cobalt ion transport
HI   Biological process: Transport; Ion transport; Cobalt transport.
HI   Ligand: Cobalt; Cobalt transport.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cockayne syndrome.
AC   KW-0172
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes Cockayne's syndrome (CS), an
DE   autosomal recessive disease characterized by UV-sensitive skin
DE   (without pigmentation abnormalities), neurological dysfunction due to
DE   demyelination of neurons and calcification of basal ganglia
DE   (psychomotor retardation, deafness, optic atrophy, retinal
DE   pigmentation and hyperreflexes) and dysmorphic dwarfism (immature
DE   sexual development and microcephaly).
SY   Cockayne's syndrome; CS.
HI   Disease: Cockayne syndrome.
CA   Disease.
//
IC   Coding sequence diversity.
AC   KW-9997
DE   Keywords assigned to proteins because their sequences can differ, due
DE   to differences in the coding sequences such as polymorphisms, RNA-
DE   editing, alternative splicing.
//
ID   Coenzyme A biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0173
DE   Protein involved in the biosynthetic pathway leading from pantothenate
DE   to coenzyme A (CoA). CoA has two halves in phosphodiester linkage: a
DE   3',5'-ADP residue, and 4-phosphopantetheine. The phosphopantetheine
DE   moiety is itself composed of three structural entities: a branched
DE   chain dihydroxy acid in amide linkage to a beta-alanyl residue, which
DE   is in turn linked to a cysteamide containing the reactive thiol.
DE   Coenzyme A functions as a carrier of acetyl and acyl groups and is
DE   essential for numerous biosynthetic, energy-yielding, and degradative
DE   metabolic pathways. Acetyl-CoA is the common cellular currency for
DE   acetyl transfers.
SY   Coenzyme A anabolism; Coenzyme A biosynthetic process;
SY   Coenzyme A formation; Coenzyme A synthesis;
SY   CoA biosynthesis; CoA anabolism; CoA biosynthetic process;
SY   CoA formation; CoA synthesis; CoASH biosynthesis; CoASH anabolism;
SY   CoASH biosynthetic process; CoASH formation; CoASH synthesis.
GO   GO:0015937; coenzyme A biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Coenzyme A biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Coenzyme M biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0174
DE   Protein involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme M. Coenzyme M (2-
DE   mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) is the smallest known organic cofactor.
DE   CoM serves as a methyl group carrier in key reactions within the
DE   pathway of methane formation from C1 precursors. In the alkene
DE   metabolism pathway, it is involved in aliphatic epoxyde carboxylation.
SY   Coenzyme M anabolism; Coenzyme M biosynthetic process;
SY   Coenzyme M formation; Coenzyme M synthesis; CoM biosynthesis;
SY   CoM anabolism; CoM biosynthetic process; CoM formation; CoM synthesis;
SY   2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid biosynthesis;
SY   2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid anabolism;
SY   2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid biosynthetic process;
SY   2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid formation;
SY   2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid synthesis.
GO   GO:0019295; coenzyme M biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Coenzyme M biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Coiled coil.
AC   KW-0175
DE   Protein which contains at least one coiled coil domain, a type of
DE   secondary structure composed of two or more alpha helices which
DE   entwine to form a cable structure. In proteins, the helical cables
DE   serve a mechanical role in forming stiff bundles of fibres.
SY   Heptad repeat pattern.
HI   Domain: Coiled coil.
CA   Domain.
//
ID   Collagen.
AC   KW-0176
DE   Protein which contains one or more collagen-like domain. Collagen is a
DE   fibrous protein found in vertebrates, the major element of skin, bone,
DE   tendon, cartilage, blood vessels and teeth. It forms insoluble fibres
DE   of high tensile strength and which contains the unusual amino acids
DE   hyroxyproline and hydroxylysine. It is rich in glycine but lacks
DE   cysteine and tryptophan, and has an unusually regular amino-acid
DE   domain.
HI   Domain: Collagen.
CA   Domain.
//
ID   Collagen degradation.
AC   KW-0177
DE   Protein involved in the degradation of collagen, a family of fibrous
DE   proteins found in skin, bones, teeth, cartilage and other tissues of
DE   vertebrates.
SY   Collagen breakdown; Collagen catabolic process; Collagen catabolism.
GO   GO:0030574; collagen catabolic process
HI   Biological process: Collagen degradation.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Competence.
AC   KW-0178
DE   Protein involved in competence, the state in which a cell or organism
DE   is able to take up DNA and become genetically transformed.
GO   GO:0030420; establishment of competence for transformation
HI   Biological process: Competence.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Complement alternate pathway.
AC   KW-0179
DE   Protein involved in the complement alternate pathway which activates
DE   the proteins of the complement system. This pathway can be activated
DE   by IgA immune complexes, but also by bacterial endotoxins,
DE   polysaccharides and cell walls, without participation of an antigen-
DE   antibody reaction.
SY   Alternate complement pathway; Properdin system;
SY   Complement activation alternative pathway.
GO   GO:0006957; complement activation, alternative pathway
HI   Biological process: Immune response; Innate immunity; Complement alternate pathway.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Complement pathway.
AC   KW-0180
DE   Pathway which activates the proteins of the complement system, a group
DE   of blood proteins of the globulin class involved in the lysis of
DE   foreign cells after they have been coated with antibody, and which
DE   also promote the removal of antibody-coated foreign particles by
DE   phagocytic cells. The pathway proceeds by a cascade reaction of
DE   successive binding and proteolytic cleavage of complement components.
DE   This pathway can be activated by either IgG or IgM binding to an
DE   antigen.
SY   Classical complement pathway; Complement activation classical pathway.
GO   GO:0006958; complement activation, classical pathway
HI   Biological process: Immune response; Innate immunity; Complement pathway.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Complete proteome.
AC   KW-0181
DE   Protein which is thought to be expressed by an organism whose genome
DE   has been completely sequenced. A complete set of proteins from a
DE   specified genome can therefore be obtained using this keyword across
DE   the Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL sections of the UniProt Knowledgebase.
HI   Technical term: Complete proteome.
CA   Technical term.
//
ID   Cone-rod dystrophy.
AC   KW-0182
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes cone-rod dystrophy, a disease
DE   where dystrophy of cone-rod cells is characterized by the initial
DE   degeneration of cone photoreceptor cells, thus causing early loss of
DE   visual acuity and color vision, followed by the degeneration of rod
DE   photoreceptor cells and leading to progressive night blindness and
DE   peripheral visual field loss.
GO   GO:0007601; visual perception
HI   Disease: Cone-rod dystrophy.
HI   Biological process: Sensory transduction; Vision; Cone-rod dystrophy.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Conidiation.
AC   KW-0183
DE   Protein involved in conidiation, the production of conidia which are
DE   asexual fungal spores.
SY   Conidium formation; Conidium biosynthesis; Conidia biosynthesis;
SY   Conidia formation.
GO   GO:0048315; conidium formation
HI   Biological process: Sporulation; Conidiation.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
AC   KW-0954
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a
DE   group of inherited disorders of cortisol biosynthesis. Defective
DE   cortisol biosynthesis results in compensatory hypersecretion of
DE   corticotropin with subsequent adrenal hyperplasia and excessive
DE   androgen production. Various clinical types are recognized: "salt
DE   wasting form" is the most severe type, "simple virilizing form" with
DE   normal aldosterone biosynthesis, "non-classic form" or late onset, and
DE   "cryptic form" or asymptomatic.
SY   CAH.
HI   Disease: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Congenital disorder of glycosylation.
AC   KW-0900
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes a congenital disorder of
DE   glycosilation. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotes, N-
DE   linked glycans are first assembled on the lipid carrier dolichyl
DE   pyrophosphate. The GlcNAc(2)Man(9)Glc(3) oligosaccharide is
DE   transferred to selected asparagine residues of nascent polypeptides.
DE   Defects along the biosynthetic pathway of N-glycans are associated
DE   with severe multisystemic syndromes called congenital disorders of
DE   glycosylation (CDG). The characteristic biochemical feature of CDG is
DE   defective glycosylation of glycoproteins due to mutations in genes
DE   required for the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. Defects of
DE   the assembly of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharides or their transfer on
DE   to nascent glycoproteins form type I forms of CDG, whereas CDG type II
DE   comprises all defects of the trimming and elongation of N-linked
DE   oligosaccharides.
HI   Disease: Congenital disorder of glycosylation.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Congenital erythrocytosis.
AC   KW-0985
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes congenital absolute
DE   erythrocytosis, a disorder characterized by expansion of the
DE   erythrocyte compartment in the peripheral blood. Total red cell mass
DE   is increased in the absence of a reduction of plasma volume.
DE   Erythrocytoses are usually divided into primary and secondary forms.
DE   Primary erythrocytoses are due to defects in the erythroid progenitors
DE   and are characterized by low erythropoietin levels. Secondary
DE   erythrocytoses can be due to defects in hypoxia sensing, or to
DE   conditions that cause low tissue oxygen tension with consequent
DE   increase in erythropoietin secretion.
SY   Congenital polycythemia.
HI   Disease: Congenital erythrocytosis.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Congenital hypothyroidism.
AC   KW-0984
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes congenital hypothyroidism, a
DE   condition due to thyroid hormones deficiency, presenting at birth.
DE   Congenital hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to
DE   develop or function properly. In most cases, the thyroid gland is
DE   absent, abnormally located, or severely reduced in size. In the
DE   remaining cases, a normal-sized or enlarged thyroid gland is present,
DE   but production of thyroid hormones is decreased or absent. If
DE   untreated, congenital hypothyroidism can lead to mental retardation
DE   and growth failure.
HI   Disease: Congenital hypothyroidism.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Congenital muscular dystrophy.
AC   KW-0912
DE   The congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) are a heterogeneous group
DE   of autosomal recessive disorders presenting in infancy with muscle
DE   weakness, contractures, and dystrophic changes on skeletal muscle
DE   biopsy. Structural brain defects, with or without mental retardation,
DE   are additional features of several CMD syndromes.
HI   Disease: Congenital muscular dystrophy.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Congenital myasthenic syndrome.
AC   KW-1004
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes congenital myasthenic syndrome.
DE   Congenital myasthenic syndromes constitute a group of inherited diseases
DE   characterized by a congenital defect in neuromuscular transmission at
DE   the neuromuscular junction, including pre-synaptic, synaptic, and
DE   post-synaptic disorders that are not of autoimmune origin.
DE   Congenital myasthenic syndromes are characterized by muscle weakness
DE   affecting the axial and limb muscles (with hypotonia in early-onset
DE   forms), the ocular muscles (leading to ptosis and ophthalmoplegia),
DE   and the facial and bulbar musculature (affecting sucking and
DE   swallowing, and leading to dysphonia). The symptoms fluctuate and
DE   worsen with physical effort.
SY   CMS.
HI   Disease: Congenital myasthenic syndrome.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Conjugation.
AC   KW-0184
DE   Protein involved in the temporary fusion of two gametes or two cells
DE   leading to the transfer of genetic material. This process is seen in
DE   bacteria, ciliate protozoa and certain fungi.
GO   GO:0000746; conjugation
HI   Biological process: Conjugation.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Copper.
AC   KW-0186
DE   Protein which binds at least one copper atom, or protein whose
DE   function is copper-dependent. Copper is a trace metallic element,
DE   chemical symbol Cu.
SY   Copper ion; Copper cation; Cu; Cu ion; Cu cation.
GO   GO:0005507; copper ion binding
HI   Ligand: Copper.
WW   http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Cu/
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Copper transport.
AC   KW-0187
DE   Protein involved in the transport of ions of the trace element copper.
SY   Cu transport; Copper ion transport; Copper cation transport.
GO   GO:0005375; copper ion transmembrane transporter activity
GO   GO:0006825; copper ion transport
HI   Biological process: Transport; Ion transport; Copper transport.
HI   Ligand: Copper; Copper transport.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Copulatory plug.
AC   KW-0188
DE   Protein involded in the formation of the copulatory plug, a plug
DE   composed of a number of proteins which are secreted by the seminal
DE   vesicle under the influence of testosterone. Found in rodents.
GO   GO:0007620; copulation
HI   Cellular component: Copulatory plug.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Core protein.
AC   KW-0189
DE   Viral structural protein that forms a shell that contains the genomic
DE   nucleic acid.
GO   GO:0019013; viral nucleocapsid
HI   Cellular component: Virion; Core protein.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Covalent protein-DNA linkage.
AC   KW-0190
DE   Protein covalently attached to a DNA molecule. For example some
DE   viruses contains proteins that are attached to the end of a viral
DE   replicating DNA and which are necessary for DNA replication.
SY   DNA-protein covalent cross-linking.
GO   GO:0018142; DNA-protein covalent cross-linking
HI   PTM: Covalent protein-DNA linkage.
CA   PTM.
//
ID   Covalent protein-RNA linkage.
AC   KW-0191
DE   Protein covalently attached to a RNA molecule. For example some
DE   viruses contains proteins that are attached to the end of a viral
DE   replicating RNA and which are necessary for RNA replication.
SY   RNA-protein covalent cross-linking.
GO   GO:0018144; RNA-protein covalent cross-linking
HI   PTM: Covalent protein-RNA linkage.
CA   PTM.
//
ID   Craniosynostosis.
AC   KW-0989
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes craniosynostosis, the premature
DE   closure of one or more cranial sutures which results in an abnormal
DE   head shape. Different types of craniosynostosis are known. All are
DE   characterized by skull deformities, with face and often limb
DE   involvement in the syndromic forms.
SY   Craniostosis.
HI   Disease: Craniosynostosis.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Crown gall tumor.
AC   KW-0192
DE   Protein involved in crown gall tumor formation, a plant tumor caused
DE   by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
HI   Disease: Crown gall tumor.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   CTQ.
AC   KW-0885
DE   Protein which contains at least one cysteine tryptophylquinone (CTQ)
DE   cross-link modification. CTQ is formed by oxidation of the indole ring
DE   of a tryptophan to form tryptophylquinone followed by covalent cross-
DE   linking with a cysteine residue. In the quinohemoprotein amine
DE   dehydrogenase, CTQ mediates during the catalytic cycle electron
DE   transfer from the substrate to either a copper protein, azurin, or
DE   cytochrome c-550.
SY   Cysteine tryptophylquinone.
HI   PTM: CTQ.
CA   PTM.
//
ID   Cuticle.
AC   KW-0193
DE   Protein which is a component of the cuticle, the outer protective
DE   layer produced by epidermal cells that covers the body of many
DE   invertebrates.
GO   GO:0042302; structural constituent of cuticle
HI   Cellular component: Cuticle.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cyanelle.
AC   KW-0194
DE   Protein encoded by the cyanelle genome or protein located in the
DE   cyanelle. Cyanelles are the plastids of glaucocystophyte algae. They
DE   are surrounded by a double membrane and, in between, a peptidoglycan
DE   wall. The cyanelle genome is of chloroplast size and contains genes
DE   for tRNAs, rRNAs and approx. 150 proteins, which is more than found in
DE   higher plant chloroplast genomes (this feature is also shared by other
DE   primitive plastids). Thylakoid membrane architecture and the presence
DE   of carboxysomes are cyanobacteria-like. Historically, the term
DE   cyanelle is derived from a classification as endosymbiotic
DE   cyanobacteria, and thus is not fully correct.
SY   Muroplast; Cyanoplast.
GO   GO:0009842; cyanelle
HI   Cellular component: Plastid; Cyanelle.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cyclin.
AC   KW-0195
DE   Protein that belongs to the cyclin family or that contains a cyclin
DE   box-like domain. Cyclins are regulatory subunits of the cyclin-
DE   dependent protein kinases. They form kinase holoenzymes, with distinct
DE   biochemical characteristics and nonredundant biological functions,
DE   which mediate phosphorylation of cellular proteins, including key cell
DE   cycle regulatory molecules. In this way, the kinase holoenzymes
DE   promote the transit of cells through the division cycle. Cyclins
DE   accumulate during interphase of eukaryotic cell cycle and are
DE   destroyed at the end of mitosis.
HI   Molecular function: Cyclin.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Cycloheximide resistance.
AC   KW-0196
DE   Protein that confers, on an organism, the ability to withstand
DE   cycloheximide, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseus, which
DE   inhibits eukaryotic elongation during protein synthesis. The
DE   resistance is often due to mutations that prevent antibiotic binding
DE   to the protein.
SY   Resistance to cycloheximide.
GO   GO:0046898; response to cycloheximide
HI   Biological process: Antibiotic resistance; Cycloheximide resistance.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cyclosporin.
AC   KW-0197
DE   Protein binding cyclosporin or protein whose function is inhibited by
DE   cyclosporin, e.g. cyclophilins. Cyclosporins are peptides obtained
DE   from certain hyphomycetes which have potent immuno-suppressant
DE   activity on humoral and cellular systems. Cyclosporin is used in
DE   transplant surgery to suppress the immune response.
SY   Cyclosporin A.
GO   GO:0042277; peptide binding
HI   Ligand: Cyclosporin.
CA   Ligand.
//
ID   Cysteine biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0198
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of cysteine, the amino acid with the
DE   highly reactive sulfhydryl group (-SH). It is derived from the amino
DE   acids methionine and serine. Cysteine plays a special role in shaping
DE   some proteins by forming disulfide bonds. In enzymes the unique
DE   reactivity of this group is frequently exploited at the catalytic
DE   site.
SY   Cysteine anabolism; Cysteine biosynthetic process;
SY   Cysteine formation; Cysteine synthesis.
GO   GO:0019344; cysteine biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Amino-acid biosynthesis; Cysteine biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cystinuria.
AC   KW-0199
DE   Protein which, if defective, causes cystinuria (CSNU), an autosomal
DE   recessive condition of persistent excessive urinary excretion of
DE   cystine and three other dibasic amino acids: lysine, ornithine, and
DE   arginine. CSNU arises from impaired reabsorption of these amino acids
DE   through the epithelial cells of the renal tubule and gastrointestinal
DE   tract. It is characterized by cystine stones in the kidney, ureter and
DE   bladder. Three clinical types of cystinuria have been described:
DE   cystinuria type-I (CSNU1), type-II (CSNU2) and type-III (CSNU3).
SY   CSNU.
HI   Disease: Cystinuria.
CA   Disease.
//
ID   Cytadherence.
AC   KW-0200
DE   Protein involved in cytadherence, the attachment of mycoplasma to the
DE   epithelium.
GO   GO:0020035; cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by parasite protein
HI   Biological process: Cytadherence.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cytochrome c-type biogenesis.
AC   KW-0201
DE   Protein involved in the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. Cytochromes
DE   c are electron-transfer proteins having one or several heme c groups,
DE   bound to the protein by one or, more commonly two, thioether bonds
DE   involving sulphydryl groups of cysteine residues.
SY   Cytochrome c-type formation; Cytochrome c-type synthesis.
GO   GO:0017004; cytochrome complex assembly
HI   Biological process: Cytochrome c-type biogenesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cytokine.
AC   KW-0202
DE   Small secreted proteins from higher eukaryotes which affect the
DE   growth, division and functions of other cells, e.g. interleukins,
DE   lymphokines, TNF and interferons. Generally, growth factors are not
DE   classified as cytokines, though TGF is an exception. Chemokines are a
DE   subset of cytokines. They differ from classical hormones in that they
DE   are produced by a number of tissues or cell types rather than by
DE   specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or
DE   autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
GO   GO:0005125; cytokine activity
GO   GO:0005615; extracellular space
HI   Molecular function: Cytokine.
CA   Molecular function.
//
ID   Cytokinin biosynthesis.
AC   KW-0203
DE   Protein involved in the synthesis of cytokinins, a class of plant
DE   hormones which promote cell division (e.g. kinetin, zeatin, benzyl
DE   adenine). They are also involved in cell growth, cell differentiation
DE   and in other physiological processes.
SY   Cytokinin anabolism; Cytokinin biosynthetic process;
SY   Cytokinin formation; Cytokinin synthesis.
GO   GO:0009691; cytokinin biosynthetic process
HI   Biological process: Cytokinin biosynthesis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cytokinin signaling pathway.
AC   KW-0932
DE   Protein involved in the cytokinin signaling pathway (i.e. transport or
DE   signal transduction). Cytokinins (i.e. kinetin and zeatin) are defined
DE   more by their biological activity (e.g. inducing cell division in
DE   tissue culture) rather than by structure. These phytohormones are
DE   synthesized in the root apical meristem and transported through the
DE   plant in the xylem sap. Cytokinins are involved in several
DE   physiological processes such as promoting cell division and
DE   chloroplast maturation, regulating cell growth and differentiation,
DE   and monitoring nutrient uptake and senescence. Together with auxin,
DE   they also regulate the cell cycle and tissue morphogenesis.
SY   Cytokinin mediated signaling.
GO   GO:0009736; cytokinin mediated signaling
HI   Biological process: Cytokinin signaling pathway.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cytolysis.
AC   KW-0204
DE   Protein involved in the rupture of cell membranes and loss of
DE   cytoplasm, e.g. exotoxin, cytolysin.
SY   Cell lysis.
GO   GO:0019835; cytolysis
HI   Biological process: Cytolysis.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cytoplasm.
AC   KW-0963
DE   Protein found in the cytoplasm, the content of a cell within the
DE   plasma membrane and, in eukaryotics cells, surrounding the nucleus.
DE   This three-dimensional, jelly-like lattice interconnects and supports
DE   the other solid structures. The cytosol (the soluble portion of the
DE   cytoplasm outside the organelles) is mostly composed of water and many
DE   low molecular weight compounds. In eukaryotes, the cytoplasm also
DE   contains a network of cytoplasmic filaments (cytoskeleton).
GO   GO:0005737; cytoplasm
HI   Cellular component: Cytoplasm.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cytoplasmic vesicle.
AC   KW-0968
DE   Protein found in or associated with cytoplasmic vesicles, which
DE   mediate vesicular transport among the organelles of secretory and
DE   endocytic systems. These transport vesicles are classified by the
DE   identity of the protein coat used in their formation and also by the
DE   cargo they contain, e.g. clathrin-, COPI-, and COPII-coated vesicles,
DE   synaptic vesicles, secretory vesicles, phagosomes, etc.
GO   GO:0031410; cytoplasmic vesicle
HI   Cellular component: Cytoplasmic vesicle.
CA   Cellular component.
//
ID   Cytosine metabolism.
AC   KW-0205
DE   Protein involved in the biochemical reactions with the pyrimidine base
DE   cytosine.
SY   Cytosine metabolic process.
GO   GO:0019858; cytosine metabolic process
HI   Biological process: Cytosine metabolism.
CA   Biological process.
//
ID   Cytoskeleton.
AC   KW-0206
DE   Protein which is a component or which is associated with the
DE   cytoskeleton, a dynamic three-dimensional structure that fills the
DE   cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton is both a muscle and a
DE   skeleton, and is responsible for cel