Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O31422 (SKFA_BACSU)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Sporulation-killing factor skfA

Gene names

Name:	skfA
Synonyms:	ybcO
Ordered Locus Names:	BSU01910

Organism

Bacillus subtilis [Complete proteome] [HAMAP]

Taxonomic identifier

1423 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Bacteria › Firmicutes › Bacillales › Bacillaceae › Bacillus

Protein attributes

Sequence length	55 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Induces the lysis of other B.subtilis cells that have not entered the sporulation pathway, providing a source of nutrients to support sporulation. Can also inhibit growth of other bacteria at high concentrations. Has a role in protecting the secreted lipase lipA against proteolysis, either by modulating its folding or by acting as a protease inhibitor. Ref.4 Ref.5
Subcellular location	Secreted. Note= Secreted by the ABC transporter skfEF Probable.
Induction	By spo0A and phoP, during nutrient starvation, especially phosphate starvation. Repressed by abrB during normal growth when nutrients are plentiful, in association with the transcriptional repressor abh. Ref.7

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Molecular function	Antibiotic Antimicrobial
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	defense response to bacterium Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	extracellular region Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 55	55	Sporulation-killing factor skfA		PRO_0000049459

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	O31422-1 [UniParc]. Last modified January 1, 1998. Version 1. Checksum: F169E627ADBEBB55	FASTA	55	5,934
	10 20 30 40 50 MKRNQKEWES VSKKGLMKPG GTSIVKAAGC MGCWASKSIA MTRVCALPHP AMRAI

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Sequence analysis of the 70kb region between 17 and 23 degree of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome." Haga K., Liu H., Yasumoto K., Takahashi H., Yoshikawa H. Submitted (JUL-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: 168.
[2]	"The complete genome sequence of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis." Kunst F., Ogasawara N., Moszer I., Albertini A.M., Alloni G., Azevedo V., Bertero M.G., Bessieres P., Bolotin A., Borchert S., Borriss R., Boursier L., Brans A., Braun M., Brignell S.C., Bron S., Brouillet S., Bruschi C.V. , Caldwell B., Capuano V., Carter N.M., Choi S.-K., Codani J.-J., Connerton I.F., Cummings N.J., Daniel R.A., Denizot F., Devine K.M., Duesterhoeft A., Ehrlich S.D., Emmerson P.T., Entian K.-D., Errington J., Fabret C., Ferrari E., Foulger D., Fritz C., Fujita M., Fujita Y., Fuma S., Galizzi A., Galleron N., Ghim S.-Y., Glaser P., Goffeau A., Golightly E.J., Grandi G., Guiseppi G., Guy B.J., Haga K., Haiech J., Harwood C.R., Henaut A., Hilbert H., Holsappel S., Hosono S., Hullo M.-F., Itaya M., Jones L.-M., Joris B., Karamata D., Kasahara Y., Klaerr-Blanchard M., Klein C., Kobayashi Y., Koetter P., Koningstein G., Krogh S., Kumano M., Kurita K., Lapidus A., Lardinois S., Lauber J., Lazarevic V., Lee S.-M., Levine A., Liu H., Masuda S., Mauel C., Medigue C., Medina N., Mellado R.P., Mizuno M., Moestl D., Nakai S., Noback M., Noone D., O'Reilly M., Ogawa K., Ogiwara A., Oudega B., Park S.-H., Parro V., Pohl T.M., Portetelle D., Porwollik S., Prescott A.M., Presecan E., Pujic P., Purnelle B., Rapoport G., Rey M., Reynolds S., Rieger M., Rivolta C., Rocha E., Roche B., Rose M., Sadaie Y., Sato T., Scanlan E., Schleich S., Schroeter R., Scoffone F., Sekiguchi J., Sekowska A., Seror S.J., Serror P., Shin B.-S., Soldo B., Sorokin A., Tacconi E., Takagi T., Takahashi H., Takemaru K., Takeuchi M., Tamakoshi A., Tanaka T., Terpstra P., Tognoni A., Tosato V., Uchiyama S., Vandenbol M., Vannier F., Vassarotti A., Viari A., Wambutt R., Wedler E., Wedler H., Weitzenegger T., Winters P., Wipat A., Yamamoto H., Yamane K., Yasumoto K., Yata K., Yoshida K., Yoshikawa H.-F., Zumstein E., Yoshikawa H., Danchin A. Nature 390:249-256(1997) [PubMed: 9384377] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: 168.
[3]	"A 3.1-kb genomic fragment of Bacillus subtilis encodes the protein inhibiting growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae." Lin D., Qu L.-J., Gu H., Chen Z. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91:1044-1050(2001) [PubMed: 11851812] [Abstract] Cited for: INHIBITION OF XANTHOMONAS GROWTH.
[4]	"Cannibalism by sporulating bacteria." Gonzalez-Pastor J.E., Hobbs E.C., Losick R. Science 301:510-513(2003) [PubMed: 12817086] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. Strain: 168 / PY79.
[5]	"Genes involved in SkfA killing factor production protect a Bacillus subtilis lipase against proteolysis." Westers H., Braun P.G., Westers L., Antelmann H., Hecker M., Jongbloed J.D.H., Yoshikawa H., Tanaka T., van Dijl J.M., Quax W.J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:1899-1908(2005) [PubMed: 15812018] [Abstract] Cited for: ROLE IN LIPASE PRODUCTION. Strain: 168.
[6]	"High- and low-threshold genes in the Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis." Fujita M., Gonzalez-Pastor J.E., Losick R. J. Bacteriol. 187:1357-1368(2005) [PubMed: 15687200] [Abstract] Cited for: REPRESSION BY ABRB.
[7]	"Phosphate starvation induces the sporulation killing factor of Bacillus subtilis." Allenby N.E.E., Watts C.A., Homuth G., Pragai Z., Wipat A., Ward A.C., Harwood C.R. J. Bacteriol. 188:5299-5303(2006) [PubMed: 16816204] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION. Strain: 168.
[8]	"Abh and AbrB control of Bacillus subtilis antimicrobial gene expression." Strauch M.A., Bobay B.G., Cavanagh J., Yao F., Wilson A., Le Breton Y. J. Bacteriol. 189:7720-7732(2007) [PubMed: 17720793] [Abstract] Cited for: REPRESSION BY ABRB AND ABH.

Web resources

Protein Spotlight

I'll have you for supper - Issue 90 of January 2008

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	AB006424 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA33086.1. Z99105 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB11984.1.
PIR	C69746.
RefSeq	NP_388072.1.
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
GeneID	938506.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus BSU01910 in contig AL009126_GR.
KEGG	bsu:BSU01910.
NMPDR	fig|224308.1.peg.191.
Organism-specific databases
SubtiList	BG12713. skfA. [Micado]
CMR	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	O31422.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyc	BSUB224308:BSU0191-MON.
Family and domain databases
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
LinkHub	O31422.

Entry information

Entry name

SKFA_BACSU

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O31422

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 11, 2003
Last sequence update:	January 1, 1998
Last modified:	November 4, 2008
This is version 44 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HAMAP (High-quality Automated and Manual Annotation of microbial Proteomes)