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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O43463 (SUV91_HUMAN)

Last modified December 16, 2008. Version 89. Feed History...

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Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUV39H1
    EC=2.1.1.43
Alternative name(s):
    Suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1
      Short name=Su(var)3-9 homolog 1
    Position-effect variegation 3-9 homolog
    Histone H3-K9 methyltransferase 1
    H3-K9-HMTase 1
    Lysine N-methyltransferase 1A
Gene names
Name: SUV39H1
Synonyms: KMT1A, SUV39H
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length412 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 using monomethylated H3 'Lys-9' as substrate. Also weakly methylates histone H1 (in vitro). H3 'Lys-9' trimethylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting HP1 (CBX1, CBX3 and/or CBX5) proteins to methylated histones. Mainly functions in heterochromatin regions, thereby playing a central role in the establishment of constitutive heterochromatin at pericentric and telomere regions. H3 'Lys-9' trimethylation is also required to direct DNA methylation at pericentric repeats. SUV39H1 is targeted to histone H3 via its interaction with RB1 and is involved in many processes, such as repression of MYOD1-stimulated differentiation, regulation of the control switch for exiting the cell cycle and entering differentiaton, repression by the PML-RARA fusion protein, BMP-induced repression, repression of switch recombination to IgA and regulation of telomere length. Ref.15 Ref.19 Ref.22 Ref.23

Catalytic activity

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N(6)-methyl-L-lysine. Ref.7

Enzyme regulation

Inhibited by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. Ref.20

Subunit structure

Interacts with H3 and H4 histones. Interacts with GFI1B, DNMT3B, CBX1, CBX4, MBD1, RUNX1, RUNX3, MYOD1, SMAD5 and RB1. Interacts with SBF1 through the SET domain. Interacts with HDAC1 and HDAC2 through the N-terminus and associates with the core histone deacetylase complex composed of HDAC1, HDAC2, RBBP4 and RBBP7. In case of infection, interacts with HTLV-1 Tax protein, leading to abrogate Tax transactivation of HTLV-1 LTR. Ref.22 Ref.1 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.24 Ref.25

Subcellular location

Nucleus. Centromere. Note= Associates with centromeric constitutive heterochromatin. Ref.6

Developmental stage

Accumulates during mitosis at centromeres during prometaphase, but dissociates from the centromere at the meta- to anaphase transition.

Domain

Although the SET domain contains the active site of enzymatic activity, both pre-SET and post-SET domains are required for methyltransferase activity. The SET domain also participates to stable binding to heterochromatin. Ref.17

Post-translational modification

Phosphorylated on serine residues, and to a lesser degree, on threonine residues. The phosphorylated form is stabilized by SBF1 and is less active in its transcriptional repressor function. Ref.6 Ref.21 Ref.26 Ref.27

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar3-9 subfamily.

Contains 1 chromo domain.

Contains 1 post-SET domain.

Contains 1 pre-SET domain.

Contains 1 SET domain.

Ontologies

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 412412Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUV39H1
PRO_0000186057

Regions

Domain43 – 10159Chromo
Domain179 – 24062Pre-SET
Domain242 – 370129SET
Domain396 – 41217Post-SET

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue3911Phosphoserine Ref.21 Ref.26 Ref.27

Experimental info

Mutagenesis641W → A: Abolishes methyltransferase activity Ref.20
Mutagenesis671Y → A: Abolishes methyltransferase activity Ref.20
Mutagenesis3201H → R: Strongly increases methylation of histone H3 Ref.7
Mutagenesis3241H → L or K: Abolishes methylation of histone H3 Ref.7
Mutagenesis3261C → A: Abolishes methylation of histone H3 Ref.7
Sequence conflict2131L → P in BAD96791. Ref.3

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
O43463-1 [UniParc].

Last modified June 1, 1998. Version 1.
Checksum: AF6F959AD20C6C76

FASTA41247,907
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MAENLKGCSV CCKSSWNQLQ DLCRLAKLSC PALGISKRNL YDFEVEYLCD YKKIREQEYY 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
LVKWRGYPDS ESTWEPRQNL KCVRILKQFH KDLERELLRR HHRSKTPRHL DPSLANYLVQ 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
KAKQRRALRR WEQELNAKRS HLGRITVENE VDLDGPPRAF VYINEYRVGE GITLNQVAVG 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
CECQDCLWAP TGGCCPGASL HKFAYNDQGQ VRLRAGLPIY ECNSRCRCGY DCPNRVVQKG 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
IRYDLCIFRT DDGRGWGVRT LEKIRKNSFV MEYVGEIITS EEAERRGQIY DRQGATYLFD 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
LDYVEDVYTV DAAYYGNISH FVNHSCDPNL QVYNVFIDNL DERLPRIAFF ATRTIRAGEE 

       370        380        390        400        410 
LTFDYNMQVD PVDMESTRMD SNFGLAGLPG SPKKRVRIEC KCGTESCRKY LF 

« Hide

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"Functional mammalian homologues of the Drosophila PEV-modifier Su(var)3-9 encode centromere-associated proteins which complex with the heterochromatin component M31."
Aagaard L., Laible G., Selenko P., Schmid M., Dorn R., Schotta G., Kuhfittig S., Wolf A., Lebersorger A., Singh P.B., Reuter G., Jenuwein T.
EMBO J. 18:1923-1938(1999) [PubMed: 10202156] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], INTERACTION WITH CBX1.
Tissue: B-cell.
[2]"Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)."
Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B.
Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[3]Suzuki Y., Sugano S., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Takeda T., Sakaki Y., Tanaka A., Yokoyama S.
Submitted (APR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[4]"The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome."
Ross M.T., Grafham D.V., Coffey A.J., Scherer S., McLay K., Muzny D., Platzer M., Howell G.R., Burrows C., Bird C.P., Frankish A., Lovell F.L., Howe K.L., Ashurst J.L., Fulton R.S., Sudbrak R., Wen G., Jones M.C. expand/collapse author list , Hurles M.E., Andrews T.D., Scott C.E., Searle S., Ramser J., Whittaker A., Deadman R., Carter N.P., Hunt S.E., Chen R., Cree A., Gunaratne P., Havlak P., Hodgson A., Metzker M.L., Richards S., Scott G., Steffen D., Sodergren E., Wheeler D.A., Worley K.C., Ainscough R., Ambrose K.D., Ansari-Lari M.A., Aradhya S., Ashwell R.I., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Ballabio A., Banerjee R., Barker G.E., Barlow K.F., Barrett I.P., Bates K.N., Beare D.M., Beasley H., Beasley O., Beck A., Bethel G., Blechschmidt K., Brady N., Bray-Allen S., Bridgeman A.M., Brown A.J., Brown M.J., Bonnin D., Bruford E.A., Buhay C., Burch P., Burford D., Burgess J., Burrill W., Burton J., Bye J.M., Carder C., Carrel L., Chako J., Chapman J.C., Chavez D., Chen E., Chen G., Chen Y., Chen Z., Chinault C., Ciccodicola A., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Clerc-Blankenburg K., Clifford K., Cobley V., Cole C.G., Conquer J.S., Corby N., Connor R.E., David R., Davies J., Davis C., Davis J., Delgado O., Deshazo D., Dhami P., Ding Y., Dinh H., Dodsworth S., Draper H., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunham A., Dunn M., Durbin K.J., Dutta I., Eades T., Ellwood M., Emery-Cohen A., Errington H., Evans K.L., Faulkner L., Francis F., Frankland J., Fraser A.E., Galgoczy P., Gilbert J., Gill R., Gloeckner G., Gregory S.G., Gribble S., Griffiths C., Grocock R., Gu Y., Gwilliam R., Hamilton C., Hart E.A., Hawes A., Heath P.D., Heitmann K., Hennig S., Hernandez J., Hinzmann B., Ho S., Hoffs M., Howden P.J., Huckle E.J., Hume J., Hunt P.J., Hunt A.R., Isherwood J., Jacob L., Johnson D., Jones S., de Jong P.J., Joseph S.S., Keenan S., Kelly S., Kershaw J.K., Khan Z., Kioschis P., Klages S., Knights A.J., Kosiura A., Kovar-Smith C., Laird G.K., Langford C., Lawlor S., Leversha M., Lewis L., Liu W., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Loulseged H., Loveland J.E., Lovell J.D., Lozado R., Lu J., Lyne R., Ma J., Maheshwari M., Matthews L.H., McDowall J., McLaren S., McMurray A., Meidl P., Meitinger T., Milne S., Miner G., Mistry S.L., Morgan M., Morris S., Mueller I., Mullikin J.C., Nguyen N., Nordsiek G., Nyakatura G., O'dell C.N., Okwuonu G., Palmer S., Pandian R., Parker D., Parrish J., Pasternak S., Patel D., Pearce A.V., Pearson D.M., Pelan S.E., Perez L., Porter K.M., Ramsey Y., Reichwald K., Rhodes S., Ridler K.A., Schlessinger D., Schueler M.G., Sehra H.K., Shaw-Smith C., Shen H., Sheridan E.M., Shownkeen R., Skuce C.D., Smith M.L., Sotheran E.C., Steingruber H.E., Steward C.A., Storey R., Swann R.M., Swarbreck D., Tabor P.E., Taudien S., Taylor T., Teague B., Thomas K., Thorpe A., Timms K., Tracey A., Trevanion S., Tromans A.C., d'Urso M., Verduzco D., Villasana D., Waldron L., Wall M., Wang Q., Warren J., Warry G.L., Wei X., West A., Whitehead S.L., Whiteley M.N., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams G., Williams L., Williamson A., Williamson H., Wilming L., Woodmansey R.L., Wray P.W., Yen J., Zhang J., Zhou J., Zoghbi H., Zorilla S., Buck D., Reinhardt R., Poustka A., Rosenthal A., Lehrach H., Meindl A., Minx P.J., Hillier L.W., Willard H.F., Wilson R.K., Waterston R.H., Rice C.M., Vaudin M., Coulson A., Nelson D.L., Weinstock G., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Gibbs R.A., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R.
Nature 434:325-337(2005) [PubMed: 15772651] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
Tissue: Lung.
[6]"Mitotic phosphorylation of SUV39H1, a novel component of active centromeres, coincides with transient accumulation at mammalian centromeres."
Aagaard L., Schmid M., Warburton P., Jenuwein T.
J. Cell Sci. 113:817-829(2000) [PubMed: 10671371] [Abstract]
Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, PHOSPHORYLATION.
[7]"Regulation of chromatin structure by site-specific histone H3 methyltransferases."
Rea S., Eisenhaber F., O'Carroll D., Strahl B.D., Sun Z.-W., Schmid M., Opravil S., Mechtler K., Ponting C.P., Allis C.D., Jenuwein T.
Nature 406:593-599(2000) [PubMed: 10949293] [Abstract]
Cited for: ENZYME ACTIVITY, MUTAGENESIS OF HIS-320; HIS-324 AND CYS-326.
[8]"Set domain-dependent regulation of transcriptional silencing and growth control by SUV39H1, a mammalian ortholog of Drosophila Su(var)3-9."
Firestein R., Cui X., Huie P., Cleary M.L.
Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:4900-4909(2000) [PubMed: 10848615] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH SBF1.
[9]"Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins."
Lachner M., O'Carroll D., Rea S., Mechtler K., Jenuwein T.
Nature 410:116-120(2001) [PubMed: 11242053] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH HISTONE H3 AND HISTONE H4.
[10]"Rb targets histone H3 methylation and HP1 to promoters."
Nielsen S.J., Schneider R., Bauer U.-M., Bannister A.J., Morrison A., O'Carroll D., Firestein R., Cleary M.L., Jenuwein T., Herrera R.E., Kouzarides T.
Nature 412:561-565(2001) [PubMed: 11484059] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH RB1.
[11]"Methyl-CpG binding domain 1 (MBD1) interacts with the Suv39h1-HP1 heterochromatic complex for DNA methylation-based transcriptional repression."
Fujita N., Watanabe S., Ichimura T., Tsuruzoe S., Shinkai Y., Tachibana M., Chiba T., Nakao M.
J. Biol. Chem. 278:24132-24138(2003) [PubMed: 12711603] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH MBD1.
[12]"Selective interactions between vertebrate polycomb homologs and the SUV39H1 histone lysine methyltransferase suggest that histone H3-K9 methylation contributes to chromosomal targeting of Polycomb group proteins."
Sewalt R.G.A.B., Lachner M., Vargas M., Hamer K.M., den Blaauwen J.L., Hendrix T., Melcher M., Schweizer D., Jenuwein T., Otte A.P.
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:5539-5553(2002) [PubMed: 12101246] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH CBX4.
[13]"SUV39H1 interacts with AML1 and abrogates AML1 transactivity. AML1 is methylated in vivo."
Chakraborty S., Sinha K.K., Senyuk V., Nucifora G.
Oncogene 22:5229-5237(2003) [PubMed: 12917624] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH RUNX1.
[14]"pRb2/p130-E2F4/5-HDAC1-SUV39H1-p300 and pRb2/p130-E2F4/5-HDAC1-SUV39H1-DNMT1 multimolecular complexes mediate the transcription of estrogen receptor-alpha in breast cancer."
Macaluso M., Cinti C., Russo G., Russo A., Giordano A.
Oncogene 22:3511-3517(2003) [PubMed: 12789259] [Abstract]
Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN A COMPLEX WITH HDAC1.
[15]"A Suv39h-dependent mechanism for silencing S-phase genes in differentiating but not in cycling cells."
Ait-Si-Ali S., Guasconi V., Fritsch L., Yahi H., Sekhri R., Naguibneva I., Robin P., Cabon F., Polesskaya A., Harel-Bellan A.
EMBO J. 23:605-615(2004) [PubMed: 14765126] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[16]"Suv39h histone methyltransferases interact with Smads and cooperate in BMP-induced repression."
Frontelo P., Leader J.E., Yoo N., Potocki A.C., Crawford M., Kulik M., Lechleider R.J.
Oncogene 23:5242-5251(2004) [PubMed: 15107829] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH SMAD5.
[17]"A glue for heterochromatin maintenance: stable SUV39H1 binding to heterochromatin is reinforced by the SET domain."
Krouwels I.M., Wiesmeijer K., Abraham T.E., Molenaar C., Verwoerd N.P., Tanke H.J., Dirks R.W.
J. Cell Biol. 170:537-549(2005) [PubMed: 16103223] [Abstract]
Cited for: DOMAIN, INTERACTION WITH CBX1.
[18]"Gfi1b alters histone methylation at target gene promoters and sites of gamma-satellite containing heterochromatin."
Vassen L., Fiolka K., Moeroey T.
EMBO J. 25:2409-2419(2006) [PubMed: 16688220] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH GFI1B.
[19]"The histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 increases class switch recombination specifically to IgA."
Bradley S.P., Kaminski D.A., Peters A.H.F.M., Jenuwein T., Stavnezer J.
J. Immunol. 177:1179-1188(2006) [PubMed: 16818776] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[20]"Catalytic properties and kinetic mechanism of human recombinant Lys-9 histone H3 methyltransferase SUV39H1: participation of the chromodomain in enzymatic catalysis."
Chin H.G., Patnaik D., Esteve P.-O., Jacobsen S.E., Pradhan S.
Biochemistry 45:3272-3284(2006) [PubMed: 16519522] [Abstract]
Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION, MUTAGENESIS OF TRP-64 AND TYR-67.
[21]"Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks."
Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M.
Cell 127:635-648(2006) [PubMed: 17081983] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-391, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Epithelium.
[22]"Histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 represses MyoD-stimulated myogenic differentiation."
Mal A.K.
EMBO J. 25:3323-3334(2006) [PubMed: 16858404] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH MYOD1.
[23]"Recruitment of the histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 and its role in the oncogenic properties of the leukemia-associated PML-retinoic acid receptor fusion protein."
Carbone R., Botrugno O.A., Ronzoni S., Insinga A., Di Croce L., Pelicci P.G., Minucci S.
Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:1288-1296(2006) [PubMed: 16449642] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[24]"RUNX1 associates with histone deacetylases and SUV39H1 to repress transcription."
Reed-Inderbitzin E., Moreno-Miralles I., Vanden-Eynden S.K., Xie J., Lutterbach B., Durst-Goodwin K.L., Luce K.S., Irvin B.J., Cleary M.L., Brandt S.J., Hiebert S.W.
Oncogene 25:5777-5786(2006) [PubMed: 16652147] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH RUNX1 AND RUNX3.
[25]"SUV39H1 interacts with HTLV-1 Tax and abrogates Tax transactivation of HTLV-1 LTR."
Kamoi K., Yamamoto K., Misawa A., Miyake A., Ishida T., Tanaka Y., Mochizuki M., Watanabe T.
Retrovirology 3:5-5(2006) [PubMed: 16409643] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH HTLV-1 TAX.
[26]"Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra."
Yu L.-R., Zhu Z., Chan K.C., Issaq H.J., Dimitrov D.S., Veenstra T.D.
J. Proteome Res. 6:4150-4162(2007) [PubMed: 17924679] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-391, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Epithelium.
[27]"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation."
Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed: 18669648] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-391, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

AF019968 mRNA. Translation: AAB92224.1.
CR541746 mRNA. Translation: CAG46546.1.
AK223071 mRNA. Translation: BAD96791.1.
AF196970 Genomic DNA. No translation available.
BC006238 mRNA. Translation: AAH06238.1.
RefSeqNP_003164.1.
UniGeneHs.522639

3D structure databases

HSSPHSSP built from PDB template 1ML9 based on UniProtKB Q8X225.
ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActO43463. 10 interactions.

PTM databases

PhosphoSiteO43463.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEO43463.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENSG00000101945. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID6839.
KEGGhsa:6839.

Organism-specific databases

GeneCardsGC0XP048439.
H-InvDBHIX0016781.
HGNCHGNC:11479. SUV39H1.
MIM300254. gene.
PharmGKBPA36264.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

HOGENOMO43463.
HOVERGENO43463.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressO43463.
CleanExHS_SUV39H1.
GermOnlineENSG00000101945. Homo s