Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P00334 (ADH_DROME)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Alcohol dehydrogenase
    EC=1.1.1.1

Gene names

Name:	Adh
ORF Names:	CG3481

Organism

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

7227 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Arthropoda › Hexapoda › Insecta › Pterygota › Neoptera › Endopterygota › Diptera › Brachycera › Muscomorpha › Ephydroidea › Drosophilidae › Drosophila › Sophophora

Protein attributes

Sequence length	256 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Catalytic activity	An alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH.
Enzyme regulation	Inhibited by 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and pyrazole.
Subunit structure	Homodimer.
Polymorphism	Virtually all natural populations of this species are polymorphic for 2 electrophoretically distinguishable alleles, Adh-S and Adh-F. The sequence of the Adh-S allele is shown. Other naturally occurring alleles include Adh-JA-F, Adh-AF-S, Adh-F-CHD, Adh-71K, Adh-UF and Adh-F'. Artificially induced mutations include Adh-NB, Adh-NLA248, Adh-N4 and Adh-N11.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Ligand	NAD
Molecular function	Oxidoreductase
PTM	Acetylation
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	alcohol catabolic process Ref.27 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB behavioral response to ethanol Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase oxidation reduction Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	lipid particle Inferred from direct assay. Source: FlyBase
Molecular function	alcohol dehydrogenase activity Ref.14 Ref.27 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Initiator methionine

1

1

Removed

Chain

2 – 256

255

Alcohol dehydrogenase

PRO_0000054474

Regions

Nucleotide binding

12 – 41

30

NAD

Sites

Active site

153

1

Proton acceptor

Binding site

65

1

NAD

Binding site

140

1

Substrate

Binding site

157

1

NAD

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue

2

1

N-acetylserine

Natural variations

Natural variant

9

1

N → V in allele Adh-UF.

Natural variant

46

1

A → D in allele Adh-UF.

Natural variant

46

1

A → V in strain: NC16.

Natural variant

52

1

A → E in allele Adh-F'.

Natural variant

71

1

A → S in strain: NC16.

Natural variant

193

1

K → T in allele Adh-F, allele Adh-F-CHD, allele Adh-71K, allele Adh-JA-F and in strain Berkeley.

Natural variant

215

1

P → S in allele Adh-F-CHD and allele Adh-71K.

Experimental info

Mutagenesis

15

1

G → A: 31% decrease in activity

Mutagenesis

15

1

G → D in Adh-N11; loss of activity

Mutagenesis

15

1

G → V: Complete loss of activity

Mutagenesis

130

1

G → C: Complete loss of activity

Mutagenesis

133

1

G → I: Complete loss of activity

Mutagenesis

136

1

C → A: No decrease in activity

Mutagenesis

153

1

Y → C: Retains only 0.25% activity

Mutagenesis

153

1

Y → F, H, E or Q: Complete loss of activity

Mutagenesis

157

1

K → I: Complete loss of activity

Mutagenesis

157

1

K → R: Retains only 2.2% activity

Mutagenesis

184

1

G → L: Complete loss of activity

Mutagenesis

219

1

C → A: No decrease in activity

Secondary structure

1

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256

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Beta strand

9 – 13

5

Turn

14 – 16

3

Helix

18 – 27

10

Beta strand

33 – 40

8

Helix

44 – 53

10

Beta strand

57 – 63

7

Helix

70 – 84

15

Beta strand

89 – 92

4

Helix

102 – 109

8

Helix

111 – 124

14

Helix

126 – 128

3

Beta strand

133 – 138

6

Helix

141 – 143

3

Helix

151 – 174

24

Beta strand

175 – 183

9

Beta strand

185 – 188

4

Turn

189 – 192

4

Helix

197 – 199

3

Helix

204 – 209

6

Helix

216 – 229

14

Beta strand

235 – 239

5

Beta strand

242 – 245

4

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P00334-1 [UniParc]. Last modified January 23, 2007. Version 2. Checksum: EB4DF91029007284	FASTA	256	27,761
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MSFTLTNKNV IFVAGLGGIG LDTSKELLKR DLKNLVILDR IENPAAIAEL KAINPKVTVT 70 80 90 100 110 120 FYPYDVTVPI AETTKLLKTI FAQLKTVDVL INGAGILDDH QIERTIAVNY TGLVNTTTAI 130 140 150 160 170 180 LDFWDKRKGG PGGIICNIGS VTGFNAIYQV PVYSGTKAAV VNFTSSLAKL APITGVTAYT 190 200 210 220 230 240 VNPGITRTTL VHKFNSWLDV EPQVAEKLLA HPTQPSLACA ENFVKAIELN QNGAIWKLDL 250 GTLEAIQWTK HWDSGI

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster: relationship of intervening sequences to functional domains in the protein." Benyajati C., Place A.R., Powers D.A., Sofer W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:2717-2721(1981) [PubMed: 6789320] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ALLELE ADH-S).
[2]	"In vitro suppression of a nonsense mutant of Drosophila melanogaster." Kubli E., Schmidt T., Martin P.F., Sofer W. Nucleic Acids Res. 10:7145-7152(1982) [PubMed: 6818527] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ALLELE ADH-NB).
[3]	"Nucleotide polymorphism at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus of Drosophila melanogaster." Kreitman M. Nature 304:412-417(1983) [PubMed: 6410283] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ALLELES ADH-S AND ADH-F).
[4]	"UGA nonsense mutation in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster." Martin P.F., Place A.R., Pentz E., Sofer W. J. Mol. Biol. 184:221-229(1985) [PubMed: 3928896] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ALLELE ADH-NB).
[5]	"Excess polymorphism at the Adh locus in Drosophila melanogaster." Kreitman M.E., Aguade M. Genetics 114:93-110(1986) [PubMed: 3021568] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ALLELES ADH-JA-F AND ADH-AF-S).
[6]	"Adhn4 of Drosophila melanogaster is a nonsense mutation." Chia W., Savakis C., Karp R., Ashburner M. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:3931-3931(1987) [PubMed: 3108863] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ALLELE ADH-N4).
[7]	"Recent origin for a thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase allele of Drosophila melanogaster." Collet C. J. Mol. Evol. 27:142-146(1988) [PubMed: 3137352] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ALLELE ADH-F-CHD). Tissue: Embryo.
[8]	"Analysis of the gene encoding the multifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase allozyme ADH-71k of Drosophila melanogaster." Eisses K.T., Andriesse A.J., de Boer A.D., Thorig G.E.W., Weisbeek P.J. Mol. Biol. Evol. 7:459-469(1990) [PubMed: 2124644] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ALLELE ADH-71K).
[9]	"Inferring the evolutionary histories of the Adh and Adh-dup loci in Drosophila melanogaster from patterns of polymorphism and divergence." Kreitman M., Hudson R.R. Genetics 127:565-582(1991) [PubMed: 1673107] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ALLELE ADH-S).
[10]	"Associations between DNA sequence variation and variation in expression of the Adh gene in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster." Laurie C.C., Bridgham J.T., Choudhary M. Genetics 129:489-499(1991) [PubMed: 1683848] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ALLELE ADH-F). Strain: KA12, NC-016 and RI32.
[11]	"Effects of a transposable element insertion on alcohol dehydrogenase expression in Drosophila melanogaster." Dunn R.C., Laurie C.C. Genetics 140:667-677(1995) [PubMed: 7498745] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[12]	Brogna S., Ashburner M. Submitted (DEC-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ALLELE ADH-S). Strain: Canton-S.
[13]	"Is the fast/slow allozyme variation at the Adh locus of Drosophila melanogaster an ancient balanced polymorphism?" Begun D., Betancourt A., Langley C., Stephan W. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16:1816-1819(1999) [PubMed: 10605124] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ALLELES ADH-H3; ADH-H12; ADH-H13; ADH-H18; ADH-H21; ADH-K15; ADH-K30; ADH-K35; ADH-K37 AND ADH-K82). Strain: Zimbabwe.
[14]	"An exploration of the sequence of a 2.9-Mb region of the genome of Drosophila melanogaster: the Adh region." Ashburner M., Misra S., Roote J., Lewis S.E., Blazej R.G., Davis T., Doyle C., Galle R.F., George R.A., Harris N.L., Hartzell G., Harvey D.A., Hong L., Houston K.A., Hoskins R.A., Johnson G., Martin C., Moshrefi A.R. , Palazzolo M., Reese M.G., Spradling A.C., Tsang G., Wan K.H., Whitelaw K., Celniker S.E., Rubin G.M. Genetics 153:179-219(1999) [PubMed: 10471707] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: Berkeley.
[15]	"The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster." Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D., Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F., George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N., Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D. , Zhang Q., Chen L.X., Brandon R.C., Rogers Y.-H.C., Blazej R.G., Champe M., Pfeiffer B.D., Wan K.H., Doyle C., Baxter E.G., Helt G., Nelson C.R., Miklos G.L.G., Abril J.F., Agbayani A., An H.-J., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Baldwin D., Ballew R.M., Basu A., Baxendale J., Bayraktaroglu L., Beasley E.M., Beeson K.Y., Benos P.V., Berman B.P., Bhandari D., Bolshakov S., Borkova D., Botchan M.R., Bouck J., Brokstein P., Brottier P., Burtis K.C., Busam D.A., Butler H., Cadieu E., Center A., Chandra I., Cherry J.M., Cawley S., Dahlke C., Davenport L.B., Davies P., de Pablos B., Delcher A., Deng Z., Mays A.D., Dew I., Dietz S.M., Dodson K., Doup L.E., Downes M., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunkov B.C., Dunn P., Durbin K.J., Evangelista C.C., Ferraz C., Ferriera S., Fleischmann W., Fosler C., Gabrielian A.E., Garg N.S., Gelbart W.M., Glasser K., Glodek A., Gong F., Gorrell J.H., Gu Z., Guan P., Harris M., Harris N.L., Harvey D.A., Heiman T.J., Hernandez J.R., Houck J., Hostin D., Houston K.A., Howland T.J., Wei M.-H., Ibegwam C., Jalali M., Kalush F., Karpen G.H., Ke Z., Kennison J.A., Ketchum K.A., Kimmel B.E., Kodira C.D., Kraft C.L., Kravitz S., Kulp D., Lai Z., Lasko P., Lei Y., Levitsky A.A., Li J.H., Li Z., Liang Y., Lin X., Liu X., Mattei B., McIntosh T.C., McLeod M.P., McPherson D., Merkulov G., Milshina N.V., Mobarry C., Morris J., Moshrefi A., Mount S.M., Moy M., Murphy B., Murphy L., Muzny D.M., Nelson D.L., Nelson D.R., Nelson K.A., Nixon K., Nusskern D.R., Pacleb J.M., Palazzolo M., Pittman G.S., Pan S., Pollard J., Puri V., Reese M.G., Reinert K., Remington K., Saunders R.D.C., Scheeler F., Shen H., Shue B.C., Siden-Kiamos I., Simpson M., Skupski M.P., Smith T.J., Spier E., Spradling A.C., Stapleton M., Strong R., Sun E., Svirskas R., Tector C., Turner R., Venter E., Wang A.H., Wang X., Wang Z.-Y., Wassarman D.A., Weinstock G.M., Weissenbach J., Williams S.M., Woodage T., Worley K.C., Wu D., Yang S., Yao Q.A., Ye J., Yeh R.-F., Zaveri J.S., Zhan M., Zhang G., Zhao Q., Zheng L., Zheng X.H., Zhong F.N., Zhong W., Zhou X., Zhu S.C., Zhu X., Smith H.O., Gibbs R.A., Myers E.W., Rubin G.M., Venter J.C. Science 287:2185-2195(2000) [PubMed: 10731132] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: Berkeley.
[16]	"Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic review." Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S., Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E., Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P., Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J. , Drysdale R.A., Harris N.L., Richter J., Russo S., Schroeder A.J., Shu S.Q., Stapleton M., Yamada C., Ashburner M., Gelbart W.M., Rubin G.M., Lewis S.E. Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002) [PubMed: 12537572] [Abstract] Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION.
[17]	"A Drosophila full-length cDNA resource." Stapleton M., Carlson J.W., Brokstein P., Yu C., Champe M., George R.A., Guarin H., Kronmiller B., Pacleb J.M., Park S., Wan K.H., Rubin G.M., Celniker S.E. Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0080.1-RESEARCH0080.8(2002) [PubMed: 12537569] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ALLELE ADH-S). Strain: Berkeley. Tissue: Head.
[18]	Stapleton M., Carlson J.W., Chavez C., Frise E., George R.A., Pacleb J.M., Park S., Wan K.H., Yu C., Rubin G.M., Celniker S.E. Submitted (APR-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ALLELE ADH-S). Strain: Berkeley. Tissue: Head.
[19]	"Chemical basis of the electrophoretic variation observed at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus of Drosophila melanogaster." Retzios A.D., Thatcher D.R. Biochimie 61:701-704(1979) [PubMed: 115502] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-256 (ALLELE ADH-F').
[20]	"The complete amino acid sequence of three alcohol dehydrogenase alleloenzymes (AdhN-11, AdhS and AdhUF) from the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster." Thatcher D.R. Biochem. J. 187:875-883(1980) [PubMed: 6821373] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-256 (ALLELES ADH-F; ADH-S; ADH-UF AND AD