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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P01266 (THYG_HUMAN)

Last modified November 25, 2008. Version 108. Feed History...

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Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

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Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    Thyroglobulin
      Short name=Tg
Gene names
Name: TG
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

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Protein attributes

Sequence length2768 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

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General annotation (Comments)

Function

Precursor of the iodinated thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Subunit structure

Homodimer.

Subcellular location

Secreted.

Tissue specificity

Thyroid gland specific.

Post-translational modification

Sulfated.

Involvement in disease

Defects in TG are a cause of some forms of goiter [MIM:188450]. Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. This is sometimes linked to hypothyroidism.

Variations in TG are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease type 3 (AITD3) [MIM:608175]. AITDs including Graves disease (GD) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), are among the most common human autoimmune diseases. They are complex diseases, which are caused by an interaction between susceptibility genes and nongenetic factors, such as infection.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family.

Contains 11 thyroglobulin type-1 domains.

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Ontologies

Keywords

   Biological processThyroid hormones biosynthesis
   Cellular componentSecreted
   Coding sequence diversityAlternative splicing
Polymorphism
   DiseaseDisease mutation
   DomainRepeat
Signal
   Molecular functionHormone
Thyroid hormone
   PTMGlycoprotein
Iodination
Sulfation
   Technical termDirect protein sequencing

Gene Ontology (GO)

   Biological processhormone biosynthetic process

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

signal transduction

Non-traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc

thyroid hormone generation

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

   Cellular componentextracellular region

Non-traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB

   Molecular functionhormone activity

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

Complete GO annotation...

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Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform 1 (identifier: P01266-1)

Also known as: Major;

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform 2 (identifier: P01266-2)

Also known as: Minor;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1510-1567: CVTDCQRNEAGLQCDQNGQYRASQKDRGSGKAFCVDGEGRRLPWWETEAPLEDSQCLM → L

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Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide1 – 1919
Chain20 – 27682749Thyroglobulin
PRO_0000008636

Regions

Domain31 – 9262Thyroglobulin type-1 1
Domain93 – 16068Thyroglobulin type-1 2
Domain161 – 297137Thyroglobulin type-1 3
Domain298 – 35861Thyroglobulin type-1 4
Domain605 – 65854Thyroglobulin type-1 5
Domain659 – 72668Thyroglobulin type-1 6
Domain727 – 921195Thyroglobulin type-1 7
Domain922 – 1073152Thyroglobulin type-1 8
Domain1074 – 114572Thyroglobulin type-1 9
Domain1146 – 121065Thyroglobulin type-1 10
Repeat1456 – 146914Type II
Repeat1470 – 148617Type II
Repeat1487 – 150317Type II
Domain1511 – 156555Thyroglobulin type-1 11
Repeat1603 – 1723121Type IIIA
Repeat1724 – 1892169Type IIIB
Repeat1893 – 1995103Type IIIA
Repeat1996 – 2129134Type IIIB
Repeat2130 – 218758Type IIIA

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue241Sulfotyrosine
Modified residue241Thyroxine
Modified residue13101Thyroxine
Modified residue25731Thyroxine
Modified residue25871Thyroxine
Modified residue27661Triiodothyronine
Glycosylation761N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation1101N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation1981N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation4841N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation4961N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation5291N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation7481N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation8161N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation9471N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation12201N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation13481N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation13491N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation13651N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation17161N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation17741N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation18691N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation20131N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation21221N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation22501N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation22951N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation25821N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Disulfide bond34 ↔ 52 By similarity
Disulfide bond63 ↔ 70 By similarity
Disulfide bond72 ↔ 92 By similarity
Disulfide bond96 ↔ 120 By similarity
Disulfide bond131 ↔ 138 By similarity
Disulfide bond140 ↔ 160 By similarity
Disulfide bond164 ↔ 183 By similarity
Disulfide bond194 ↔ 235 By similarity
Disulfide bond301 ↔ 319 By similarity
Disulfide bond330 ↔ 336 By similarity
Disulfide bond338 ↔ 358 By similarity
Disulfide bond608 ↔ 620 By similarity
Disulfide bond631 ↔ 636 By similarity
Disulfide bond638 ↔ 658 By similarity
Disulfide bond662 ↔ 687 By similarity
Disulfide bond698 ↔ 703 By similarity
Disulfide bond705 ↔ 726 By similarity
Disulfide bond730 ↔ 763 By similarity
Disulfide bond774 ↔ 898 By similarity
Disulfide bond900 ↔ 921 By similarity
Disulfide bond1042 ↔ 1049 By similarity
Disulfide bond1051 ↔ 1073 By similarity
Disulfide bond1077 ↔ 1108 By similarity
Disulfide bond1126 ↔ 1145 By similarity
Disulfide bond1149 ↔ 1169 By similarity
Disulfide bond1181 ↔ 1188 By similarity
Disulfide bond1190 ↔ 1210 By similarity
Disulfide bond1514 ↔ 1523 By similarity
Disulfide bond1543 ↔ 1565 By similarity
Disulfide bond2264 ↔ 2281 Potential

Natural variations

Alternative sequence1510 – 156758CVTDC…SQCLM → L in isoform 2.
VSP_012655
Natural variant1351Q → H: dbSNP rs2069546.
VAR_010212
Natural variant5151Q → E: dbSNP rs180222.
VAR_016190
Natural variant6041S → D Requires 2 nucleotide substitutions.
VAR_016852
Natural variant6531G → D: dbSNP rs2069548.
VAR_016853
Natural variant7341S → A Polymorphism associated with AITD3. dbSNP rs180223.
VAR_010213
Natural variant8301Q → E: dbSNP rs2076737.
VAR_010214
Natural variant8701Q → H in goiter; simple. dbSNP rs2229843.
VAR_002365
Natural variant9851Missing
VAR_016854
Natural variant10281M → V Polymorphism associated with AITD3. dbSNP rs853326.
VAR_010215
Natural variant10431H → Y
VAR_016855
Natural variant10591I → T