Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P07830 (ACT1_DICDI)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Major actin
Alternative name(s):
    Actin-1
    Actin-2
    Actin-2-sub 1
    Actin-4
    Actin-5
    Actin-6
    Actin-7
    Actin-8
    Actin A8
    Actin-IEL1
    Actin-9
    Actin-11
    Actin-12
    Actin A12
    Actin-13
    Actin-14
    Actin-15
    Actin A1
    Actin III
    Actin-3a
    Actin-16
    Actin M6
    Actin-19
    Actin-20
    Actin-21

Gene names

Name:	act1
Synonyms:	act1a
ORF Names:	DDB_0220444
AND
Name:	act2
Synonyms:	act2-1
ORF Names:	DDB_0185124
AND
Name:	act4
ORF Names:	DDB_0220448
AND
Name:	act5
ORF Names:	DDB_0220447
AND
Name:	act6
ORF Names:	DDB_0185126
AND
Name:	act7
ORF Names:	DDB_0220445
AND
Name:	act8
Synonyms:	actA8
ORF Names:	DDB_0216213
AND
Name:	act9
ORF Names:	DDB_0220456
AND
Name:	act11
ORF Names:	DDB_0220449
AND
Name:	act12
ORF Names:	DDB_0216214
AND
Name:	act13
ORF Names:	DDB_0220454
AND
Name:	act14
Synonyms:	actB1
ORF Names:	DDB_0220455
AND
Name:	act15
Synonyms:	actA1
ORF Names:	DDB_0185015
AND
Name:	act16
Synonyms:	actM6
ORF Names:	DDB_0185127
AND
Name:	act19
ORF Names:	DDB_0220446
AND
Name:	act20
ORF Names:	DDB_0220450
AND
Name:	act21
ORF Names:	DDB_0220451

Organism

Dictyostelium discoideum (Slime mold) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

44689 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Mycetozoa › Dictyosteliida › Dictyostelium

Protein attributes

Sequence length	376 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Multiple isoforms are involved in various cellular functions such as cytoskeleton structure, cell mobility, chromosome movement and muscle contraction.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the actin family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton
Ligand	ATP-binding Nucleotide-binding
Molecular function	Structural protein
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
None. [Check GOA]

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Molecule processing

Initiator methionine

1

1

Removed

Chain

2 – 376

375

Major actin

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue

54

1

Phosphotyrosine

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

31

1

V → L in CAA23479. Ref.6

Sequence conflict

32

1

F → S in CAA27032. Ref.1

Sequence conflict

41

1

H → Y in CAA23479. Ref.6

Sequence conflict

57

1

D → E in CAA27032. Ref.1

Sequence conflict

109

1

A → G in CAA27032. Ref.1

Sequence conflict

140

1

V → A in CAA27032. Ref.1

Sequence conflict

145

1

A → E in AAA74186. Ref.5

Sequence conflict

226

1

A → Q AA sequence Ref.10

Sequence conflict

228

1

M → I in AAA74186. Ref.5

Sequence conflict

229

1

Q → A AA sequence Ref.10

Sequence conflict

313

1

R → G in AAA51619, AAA33148 and AAA33157. Ref.12

Sequence conflict

357

1

W → L in AAA33152. Ref.12

Secondary structure

1

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376

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Beta strand

4 – 6

3

Beta strand

9 – 13

5

Beta strand

15 – 22

8

Beta strand

29 – 33

5

Beta strand

36 – 41

6

Helix

57 – 61

5

Helix

63 – 65

3

Beta strand

66 – 69

4

Beta strand

71 – 73

3

Helix

80 – 92

13

Turn

93 – 95

3

Helix

99 – 101

3

Beta strand

104 – 108

5

Helix

114 – 126

13

Beta strand

131 – 137

7

Helix

138 – 145

8

Beta strand

149 – 156

8

Beta strand

161 – 167

7

Helix

173 – 175

3

Beta strand

177 – 180

4

Helix

183 – 197

15

Helix

204 – 217

14

Helix

224 – 233

10

Beta strand

239 – 242

4

Beta strand

248 – 251

4

Helix

254 – 263

10

Helix

265 – 268

4

Helix

275 – 284

10

Helix

288 – 290

3

Helix

291 – 295

5

Beta strand

298 – 302

5

Helix

303 – 305

3

Helix

310 – 321

12

Helix

336 – 338

3

Helix

339 – 349

11

Helix

351 – 353

3

Turn

354 – 356

3

Beta strand

357 – 359

3

Helix

360 – 366

7

Helix

367 – 370

4

Helix

371 – 374

4

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P07830-1 [UniParc]. Last modified January 23, 2007. Version 2. Checksum: 3610737F3B525123	FASTA	376	41,733
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MDGEDVQALV IDNGSGMCKA GFAGDDAPRA VFPSIVGRPR HTGVMVGMGQ KDSYVGDEAQ 70 80 90 100 110 120 SKRGILTLKY PIEHGIVTNW DDMEKIWHHT FYNELRVAPE EHPVLLTEAP LNPKANREKM 130 140 150 160 170 180 TQIMFETFNT PAMYVAIQAV LSLYASGRTT GIVMDSGDGV SHTVPIYEGY ALPHAILRLD 190 200 210 220 230 240 LAGRDLTDYM MKILTERGYS FTTTAEREIV RDIKEKLAYV ALDFEAEMQT AASSSALEKS 250 260 270 280 290 300 YELPDGQVIT IGNERFRCPE ALFQPSFLGM ESAGIHETTY NSIMKCDVDI RKDLYGNVVL 310 320 330 340 350 360 SGGTTMFPGI ADRMNKELTA LAPSTMKIKI IAPPERKYSV WIGGSILASL STFQQMWISK 370 EEYDESGPSI VHRKCF

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Organization of the actin multigene family of Dictyostelium discoideum and analysis of variability in the protein coding regions." Romans P., Firtel R.A. J. Mol. Biol. 186:321-335(1985) [PubMed: 3003365] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ACT8 AND ACT12).
[2]	"Developmental regulation of Dictyostelium discoideum actin gene fusions carried on low-copy and high-copy transformation vectors." Knecht D.A., Cohen S.M., Loomis W.F., Lodish H.F. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:3973-3983(1986) [PubMed: 3025622] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of Dictyostelium discoideum." Gloeckner G., Eichinger L., Szafranski K., Pachebat J.A., Bankier A.T., Dear P.H., Lehmann R., Baumgart C., Parra G., Abril J.F., Guigo R., Kumpf K., Tunggal B., Cox E.C., Quail M.A., Platzer M., Rosenthal A., Noegel A.A. Nature 418:79-85(2002) [PubMed: 12097910] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: AX4.
[4]	"The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum." Eichinger L., Pachebat J.A., Gloeckner G., Rajandream M.A., Sucgang R., Berriman M., Song J., Olsen R., Szafranski K., Xu Q., Tunggal B., Kummerfeld S., Madera M., Konfortov B.A., Rivero F., Bankier A.T., Lehmann R., Hamlin N. , Davies R., Gaudet P., Fey P., Pilcher K., Chen G., Saunders D., Sodergren E.J., Davis P., Kerhornou A., Nie X., Hall N., Anjard C., Hemphill L., Bason N., Farbrother P., Desany B., Just E., Morio T., Rost R., Churcher C.M., Cooper J., Haydock S., van Driessche N., Cronin A., Goodhead I., Muzny D.M., Mourier T., Pain A., Lu M., Harper D., Lindsay R., Hauser H., James K.D., Quiles M., Madan Babu M., Saito T., Buchrieser C., Wardroper A., Felder M., Thangavelu M., Johnson D., Knights A., Loulseged H., Mungall K.L., Oliver K., Price C., Quail M.A., Urushihara H., Hernandez J., Rabbinowitsch E., Steffen D., Sanders M., Ma J., Kohara Y., Sharp S., Simmonds M.N., Spiegler S., Tivey A., Sugano S., White B., Walker D., Woodward J.R., Winckler T., Tanaka Y., Shaulsky G., Schleicher M., Weinstock G.M., Rosenthal A., Cox E.C., Chisholm R.L., Gibbs R.A., Loomis W.F., Platzer M., Kay R.R., Williams J.G., Dear P.H., Noegel A.A., Barrell B.G., Kuspa A. Nature 435:43-57(2005) [PubMed: 15875012] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: AX4.
[5]	"A new Dictyostelium discoideum actin gene." Zhou S. Prog. Inorg. Biochem. Biophys. 15:372-376(1988) Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-260 (ACT15). Strain: 79A.
[6]	"Unusual nucleotide sequences at the 5' end of actin genes in Dictyostelium discoideum." Firtel R.A., Timm R., Kimmel A.R., McKeown M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:6206-6210(1979) [PubMed: 293714] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA] OF 1-68 (ACT2; ACT5; ACT7; ACT14 AND ACT16).
[7]	"Differential expression and 5' end mapping of actin genes in Dictyostelium." McKeown M., Firtel R.A. Cell 24:799-807(1981) [PubMed: 6894715] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-9 (ACT8).
[8]	"Cell-type-specific actin mRNA populations in Dictyostelium discoideum." Tsang A.S., Mahbubani H.M., Williams J.G. Cell 31:375-382(1982) [PubMed: 6297763] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA] OF 1-9 (ACT4).
[9]	"Actin multigene family of Dictyostelium." McKeown M., Firtel R.A. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 46:495-505(1982) [PubMed: 6286214] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-8 (ACT6 AND ACT8).
[10]	"Vegetative Dictyostelium cells containing 17 actin genes express a single major actin." Vandekerckhove J., Weber K. Nature 284:475-477(1980) [PubMed: 6892652] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-376.
[11]	"Expression of actin in Escherichia coli. Aggregation, solubilization, and functional analysis." Frankel S., Condeelis J., Leinwand L. J. Biol. Chem. 265:17980-17987(1990) [PubMed: 2211676] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 120-133.
[12]	"Evidence for sub-families of actin genes in Dictyostelium as determined by comparisons of 3' end sequences." McKeown M., Firtel R.A. J. Mol. Biol. 151:593-606(1981) [PubMed: 6276562] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA] OF 289-376 (ACT2; ACT5; ACT8 AND ACT15). Strain: A3.
[13]	"Stress-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of actin in Dictyostelium cells and localization of the phosphorylation site to tyrosine-53 adjacent to the DNase I binding loop." Jungbluth A., Eckerskorn C., Gerisch G., Lottspeich F., Stocker S., Schweiger A. FEBS Lett. 375:87-90(1995) [PubMed: 7498488] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT TYR-54.
[14]	"Structure of gelsolin segment 1-actin complex and the mechanism of filament severing." McLaughlin P.J., Gooch J.T., Mannherz H.-G., Weeds A.G. Nature 364:685-692(1993) [PubMed: 8395021] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.4 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH GELSOLIN AND ATP.
[15]	"The structure of nonvertebrate actin: implications for the ATP hydrolytic mechanism." Vorobiev S., Strokopytov B., Drubin D.G., Frieden C., Ono S., Condeelis J., Rubenstein P.A., Almo S.C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:5760-5765(2003) [PubMed: 12732734] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.8 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH GELSOLIN AND ATP.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	X03281 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA27031.1. X03282 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA27032.1. M14146 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA33145.1. AC116956 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAL92612.1. AC116956 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO51152.1. AC116957 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO52496.1. AC116957 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO52508.1. AC116957 Genomic DNA. Translation: