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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P35573 (GDE_HUMAN)

Last modified September 2, 2008. Version 79. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (6) | Third-party data | Customize display text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    Glycogen debranching enzyme
Alternative name(s):
    Glycogen debrancher
Including the following 2 domains:
    1- Recommended name:
            4-alpha-glucanotransferase
              EC=2.4.1.25
        Alternative name(s):
            Oligo-1,4-1,4-glucantransferase
    2- Recommended name:
            Amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase
                Short name=Amylo-1,6-glucosidase
              EC=3.2.1.33
        Alternative name(s):
            Dextrin 6-alpha-D-glucosidase
Gene names
Name: AGL
Synonyms: GDE
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length1532 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Multifunctional enzyme acting as 1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glycosyltransferase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase in glycogen degradation.

Catalytic activity

Transfers a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to a new position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.

Hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen phosphorylase limit dextrin.

Subunit structure

Monomer.

Tissue specificity

Liver, kidney and lymphoblastoid cells express predominantly isoform 1; whereas muscle and heart express not only isoform 1, but also muscle-specific isoform mRNAs (isoforms 2, 3 and 4). Isoforms 5 and 6 are present in both liver and muscle.

Post-translational modification

The N-terminus is blocked.

Involvement in disease

Defects in AGL are the cause of glycogen storage disease type 3 (GSD3) [MIM:232400]; also known as Forbes disease. GSD3 is a metabolic disorder associated with an accumulation of abnormal glycogen with short outer chains. Three GSD3 types are recognized: GSD type 3A patients lack glycogen debrancher enzyme activity in both liver and muscle, while GSD type 3B patients are enzyme-deficient in liver only. In rare cases, selective loss of only 1 of the 2 debranching activities, glucosidase or transferase, results in GSD type 3C or type 3D, respectively. GSD3 is clinically characterized by hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, short stature, and variable myopathy.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the glycogen debranching enzyme family.

Ontologies

Keywords

   Biological processGlycogen biosynthesis
   Coding sequence diversityAlternative splicing
Polymorphism
   DiseaseDisease mutation
Glycogen storage disease
   Molecular functionGlycosidase
Glycosyltransferase
Hydrolase
Transferase
   PTMPhosphoprotein
   Technical termDirect protein sequencing
Multifunctional enzyme

Gene Ontology (GO)

   Cellular componentcytosol

Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome

isoamylase complex Ref.1

Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc

   Molecular functionamylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase activity

Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome

Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform 1 (identifier: P35573-1)

Also known as: 2; 3; 4;

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Notes: The products of the mRNAs termed isoforms 1 to 4 are identical.
Isoform 5 (identifier: P35573-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-27: MGHSKQIRILLLNEMEKLEKTLFRLEQ → MSLLTCAFYL
Isoform 6 (identifier: P35573-3)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-27: MGHSKQIRILLLNEMEKLEKTLFRLEQ → MAPLLSINLFI

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical view

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 15321532Glycogen debranching enzyme

Regions

Region1 – ?4-alpha-glucanotransferase
Region? – 1532Amylo-1,6-glucosidase

Sites

Active site5261 By similarity
Active site5291 By similarity
Active site6271 By similarity

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue5841Phosphotyrosine

Natural variations

Alternative sequence1 – 2727MGHSK…FRLEQ → MSLLTCAFYL in isoform 5.
Alternative sequence1 – 2727MGHSK…FRLEQ → MAPLLSINLFI in isoform 6.
Natural variant381T → A: dbSNP rs35278779.
Natural variant2291Q → R: dbSNP rs17121403.
Natural variant3871R → Q: dbSNP rs17121464.
Natural variant7011A → S: dbSNP rs3736297.
Natural variant9621S → C: dbSNP rs34714252.
Natural variant10671P → S: dbSNP rs3753494.
Natural variant11151G → R: dbSNP rs7536086.
Natural variant11441I → N: dbSNP rs2230308.
Natural variant12531R → H: dbSNP rs12043139.
Natural variant13431E → K
Natural variant14481G → R in GSD3.
Natural variant14871R → G: dbSNP rs12118058.

Experimental info

Sequence conflict13981W → G in AAB41040. Ref.1
Sequence conflict13981W → G Ref.2 Ref.3

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform 1 (2) (3) (4) [UniParc].

Last modified October 17, 2006. Version 3.
Checksum: 9BF1BCC43B7904D3

FASTA1,532174,764
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MGHSKQIRIL LLNEMEKLEK TLFRLEQGYE LQFRLGPTLQ GKAVTVYTNY PFPGETFNRE 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
KFRSLDWENP TEREDDSDKY CKLNLQQSGS FQYYFLQGNE KSGGGYIVVD PILRVGADNH 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
VLPLDCVTLQ TFLAKCLGPF DEWESRLRVA KESGYNMIHF TPLQTLGLSR SCYSLANQLE 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
LNPDFSRPNR KYTWNDVGQL VEKLKKEWNV ICITDVVYNH TAANSKWIQE HPECAYNLVN 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
SPHLKPAWVL DRALWRFSCD VAEGKYKEKG IPALIENDHH MNSIRKIIWE DIFPKLKLWE 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
FFQVDVNKAV EQFRRLLTQE NRRVTKSDPN QHLTIIQDPE YRRFGCTVDM NIALTTFIPH 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
DKGPAAIEEC CNWFHKRMEE LNSEKHRLIN YHQEQAVNCL LGNVFYERLA GHGPKLGPVT 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
RKHPLVTRYF TFPFEEIDFS MEESMIHLPN KACFLMAHNG WVMGDDPLRN FAEPGSEVYL 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
RRELICWGDS VKLRYGNKPE DCPYLWAHMK KYTEITATYF QGVRLDNCHS TPLHVAEYML 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
DAARNLQPNL YVVAELFTGS EDLDNVFVTR LGISSLIREA MSAYNSHEEG RLVYRYGGEP 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
VGSFVQPCLR PLMPAIAHAL FMDITHDNEC PIVHRSAYDA LPSTTIVSMA CCASGSTRGY 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
DELVPHQISV VSEERFYTKW NPEALPSNTG EVNFQSGIIA ARCAISKLHQ ELGAKGFIQV 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
YVDQVDEDIV AVTRHSPSIH QSVVAVSRTA FRNPKTSFYS KEVPQMCIPG KIEEVVLEAR 

       790        800        810        820        830        840 
TIERNTKPYR KDENSINGTP DITVEIREHI QLNESKIVKQ AGVATKGPNE YIQEIEFENL 

       850        860        870        880        890        900 
SPGSVIIFRV SLDPHAQVAV GILRNHLTQF SPHFKSGSLA VDNADPILKI PFASLASRLT 

       910        920        930        940        950        960 
LAELNQILYR CESEEKEDGG GCYDIPNWSA LKYAGLQGLM SVLAEIRPKN DLGHPFCNNL 

       970        980        990       1000       1010       1020 
RSGDWMIDYV SNRLISRSGT IAEVGKWLQA MFFYLKQIPR YLIPCYFDAI LIGAYTTLLD 

      1030       1040       1050       1060       1070       1080 
TAWKQMSSFV QNGSTFVKHL SLGSVQLCGV GKFPSLPILS PALMDVPYRL NEITKEKEQC 

      1090       1100       1110       1120       1130       1140 
CVSLAAGLPH FSSGIFRCWG RDTFIALRGI LLITGRYVEA RNIILAFAGT LRHGLIPNLL 

      1150       1160       1170       1180       1190       1200 
GEGIYARYNC RDAVWWWLQC IQDYCKMVPN GLDILKCPVS RMYPTDDSAP LPAGTLDQPL 

      1210       1220       1230       1240       1250       1260 
FEVIQEAMQK HMQGIQFRER NAGPQIDRNM KDEGFNITAG VDEETGFVYG GNRFNCGTWM 

      1270       1280       1290       1300       1310       1320 
DKMGESDRAR NRGIPATPRD GSAVEIVGLS KSAVRWLLEL SKKNIFPYHE VTVKRHGKAI 

      1330       1340       1350       1360       1370       1380 
KVSYDEWNRK IQDNFEKLFH VSEDPSDLNE KHPNLVHKRG IYKDSYGASS PWCDYQLRPN 

      1390       1400       1410       1420       1430       1440 
FTIAMVVAPE LFTTEKAWKA LEIAEKKLLG PLGMKTLDPD DMVYCGIYDN ALDNDNYNLA 

      1450       1460       1470       1480       1490       1500 
KGFNYHQGPE WLWPIGYFLR AKLYFSRLMG PETTAKTIVL VKNVLSRHYV HLERSPWKGL 

      1510       1520       1530 
PELTNENAQY CPFSCETQAW SIATILETLY DL 

« Hide

Isoform 5 [UniParc].

Checksum: ABAC29497A4B08C6
Show »

1,515172,626
Isoform 6 [UniParc].

Checksum: 5FC07FFF6E9B694A
Show »

1,516172,696

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding human muscle glycogen debranching enzyme."
Yang B.-Z., Ding J.-H., Enghild J.J., Bao Y., Chen Y.-T.
J. Biol. Chem. 267:9294-9299(1992) [PubMed: 1374391] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE (ISOFORM 5).
Tissue: Muscle.
[2]"Human glycogen debranching enzyme gene (AGL): complete structural organization and characterization of the 5' flanking region."
Bao Y., Dawson T.L. Jr., Chen Y.-T.
Genomics 38:155-165(1996) [PubMed: 8954797] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
[3]"Isolation and nucleotide sequence of human liver glycogen debranching enzyme mRNA: identification of multiple tissue-specific isoforms."
Bao Y., Yang B.-Z., Dawson T.L. Jr., Chen Y.-T.
Gene 197:389-398(1997) [PubMed: 9332391] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
Tissue: Liver.
[4]"Heterogeneous mutations in the glycogen-debranching enzyme gene are responsible for glycogen storage disease type IIIa in Japan."
Okubo M., Horinishi A., Takeuchi M., Suzuki Y., Sakura N., Hasegawa Y., Igarashi T., Goto K., Tahara H., Uchimoto S., Omichi K., Kanno H., Hayasaka K., Murase T.
Hum. Genet. 106:108-115(2000) [PubMed: 10982190] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANTS.
[5]"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[6]"Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer."
Rikova K., Guo A., Zeng Q., Possemato A., Yu J., Haack H., Nardone J., Lee K., Reeves C., Li Y., Hu Y., Tan Z., Stokes M., Sullivan L., Mitchell J., Wetzel R., Macneill J., Ren J.M. expand/collapse author list , Yuan J., Bakalarski C.E., Villen J., Kornhauser J.M., Smith B., Li D., Zhou X., Gygi S.P., Gu T.-L., Polakiewicz R.D., Rush J., Comb M.J.
Cell 131:1190-1203(2007) [PubMed: 18083107] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-584, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[7]"Glycogen storage disease type IIIa: first report of a causative missense mutation (G1448R) of the glycogen debranching enzyme gene found in a homozygous patient."
Okubo M., Kanda F., Horinishi A., Takahashi K., Okuda S., Chihara K., Murase T.
Hum. Mutat. 14:542-543(1999) [PubMed: 10571954] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GSD3 ARG-1448, VARIANT ARG-1115.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Cross-references

Sequence databases

M85168 mRNA. Translation: AAB41040.1.
U84007 mRNA. Translation: AAB48466.1.
U84008 mRNA. Translation: AAB48467.1.
U84009 mRNA. Translation: AAB48468.1.
U84010 mRNA. Translation: AAB48469.1.
U84011 mRNA. Translation: AAB48470.1.
AB035443 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA88405.1.
BC078663 mRNA. Translation: AAH78663.1.
RefSeqNP_000019.2.
NP_000633.2.
NP_000634.2.
NP_000635.2.
NP_000636.2.
NP_000637.2.
UniGeneHs.904

3D structure databases

ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActP35573.

PTM databases

PhosphoSiteP35573.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENSG00000162688. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID178.
KEGGhsa:178.

Organism-specific databases

H-InvDBHIX0023609.
HGNCHGNC:321. AGL.
MIM232400. phenotype.
610860. gene.
Orphanet366. Glycogen storage disease type 3.
PharmGKBPA24618.
GenAtlasSearch...
GeneCardsSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

HOVERGENP35573.

Enzyme and pathway databases

ReactomeREACT_1709. Metabolism of small molecules.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressP35573.
CleanExHS_AGL.
GermOnlineENSG00000162688. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR010401. GDE_C.
IPR006421. Glyc_debranch.
IPR013781. Glyco_hydro_sub_cat.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:3.20.20.80. Glyco_hydro_cat. 1 hit.
PANTHERPTHR10569. GDE_C. 1 hit.
PfamPF06202. GDE_C. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
TIGRFAMsTIGR01531. glyc_debranch. 1 hit.
ProDomP35573.
[Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
BLOCKSSearch...

Other Resources

SOURCESearch...
ProtoNetSearch...

Entry information

Entry nameGDE_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: P35573
Secondary accession number(s): P78354 expand/collapse secondary AC list , P78544, Q6AZ90, Q9UF08
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: June 1, 1994
Last sequence update: October 17, 2006
Last modified: September 2, 2008
This is version 79 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectHPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Relevant documents

Human chromosome 1

Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

Human polymorphisms and disease mutations

Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB secondary accession numbers

Index of UniProtKB secondary accession numbers

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents