Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P56645 (PER3_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Period circadian protein homolog 3
Alternative name(s):
    Circadian clock protein PERIOD 3
      Short name=hPER3
    Cell growth-inhibiting gene 13 protein

Gene names

Name:	PER3
ORF Names:	GIG13

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	1201 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Component of the circadian clock mechanism which is essential for generating circadian rhythms. Function unknown.
Subunit structure	Homodimer. Component of the circadian core oscillator, which includes the CRY proteins, CLOCK or NPAS2, BMAL1 or BMAL2, CSNK1D and/or CSNK1E, TIMELESS and the PER proteins. Interacts directly with PER1, PER2, CRY1, CRY2, and TIMELESS. Interaction with CSNK1D or CSKN1E promotes nuclear location of PER proteins By similarity.
Subcellular location	CytoplasmBy similarity. NucleusBy similarity. Note= Mainly cytoplasmic. Translocates to the nucleus through binding PER1, PER2, CRY1 or CRY2, but not TIMELESS By similarity.
Post-translational modification	Phosphorylation appears to require association with PER1 and translocation to the nucleus By similarity. Ubiquitinated By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Contains 1 PAC (PAS-associated C-terminal) domain. Contains 2 PAS (PER-ARNT-SIM) domains.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Biological rhythms Transcription Transcription regulation
Cellular component	Cytoplasm Nucleus
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Repeat
PTM	Phosphoprotein Ubl conjugation
Gene Ontology (GO)
None. [Check GOA]

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 1201	1201	Period circadian protein homolog 3
Regions
	Domain	121 – 188	68	PAS 1
	Domain	262 – 328	67	PAS 2
	Domain	337 – 380	44	PAC
	Region	502 – 731	230	CSNK1E binding domain By similarity
	Region	1123 – 1201	79	CRY binding domain By similarity
	Motif	400 – 412	13	Nuclear export signal By similarity
	Motif	729 – 745	17	Nuclear localization signal By similarity
	Compositional bias	567 – 570	4	Poly-Ser
	Compositional bias	750 – 753	4	Poly-Ser
	Compositional bias	769 – 895	127	Pro-rich
	Compositional bias	962 – 1081	120	Ser-rich
Natural variations
	Natural variant	639	1	V → G Associated with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS). dbSNP rs10462020.
	Natural variant	827	1	P → L: dbSNP rs228696.
	Natural variant	856	1	P → A: dbSNP rs228697.
	Natural variant	1007	1	A → T: dbSNP rs1776342.
	Natural variant	1010	1	T → I: dbSNP rs12033719.
	Natural variant	1028	1	M → T: dbSNP rs2640909.
	Natural variant	1081	1	S → C: dbSNP rs2640905.
	Natural variant	1149	1	H → R: dbSNP rs10462021.
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	199	1	A → AA in BAB32925. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	501	1	E → ESANGGGE in BAB32925. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	943	1	Q → R in BAB32925. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	954	1	Y → YQ in BAB32925. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P56645-1 [UniParc]. Last modified May 24, 2005. Version 3. Checksum: FD69C34865F11A6F	FASTA	1,201	131,872
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MPRGEAPGPG RRGAKDEALG EESGERWSPE FHLQRKLADS SHSEQQDRNR VSEELIMVVQ 70 80 90 100 110 120 EMKKYFPSER RNKPSTLDAL NYALRCVHSV QANSEFFQIL SQNGAPQADV SMYSLEELAT 130 140 150 160 170 180 IASEHTSKNT DTFVAVFSFL SGRLVHISEQ AALILNRKKD VLASSHFVDL LAPQDMRVFY 190 200 210 220 230 240 AHTARAQLPF WNNWTQRAAR YECAPVKPFF CRIRGGEDRK QEKCHSPFRI IPYLIHVHHP 250 260 270 280 290 300 AQPELESEPC CLTVVEKIHS GYEAPRIPVN KRIFTTTHTP GCVFLEVDEK AVPLLGYLPQ 310 320 330 340 350 360 DLIGTSILSY LHPEDRSLMV AIHQKVLKYA GHPPFEHSPI RFCTQNGDYI ILDSSWSSFV 370 380 390 400 410 420 NPWSRKISFI IGRHKVRTSP LNEDVFATKI KKMNDNDKDI TELQEQIYKL LLQPVHVSVS 430 440 450 460 470 480 SGYGSLGSSG SQEQLVSIAS SSEASGHRVE ETKAEQMTLQ QVYASVNKIK NLGQQLYIES 490 500 510 520 530 540 MTKSSFKPVT GTRTEPNGGG ECKTFTSFHQ TLKNNSVYTE PCEDLRNDEH SPSYQQINCI 550 560 570 580 590 600 DSVIRYLKSY NIPALKRKCI SCTNTTSSSS EEDKQNHKAD DVQALQAGLQ IPAIPKSEMP 610 620 630 640 650 660 TNGRSIDTGG GAPQILSTAM LSLGSGISQC GYSSTIVHVP PPETARDATL FCEPWTLNMQ 670 680 690 700 710 720 PAPLTSEEFK HVGLTAAVLS AHTQKEEQNY VDKFREKILS SPYSSYLQQE SRSKAKYSYF 730 740 750 760 770 780 QGDSTSKQTR SAGCRKGKHK RKKLPEPPDS SSSNTGSGPR RGAHQNAQPC CPSAASSPHT 790 800 810 820 830 840 SSPTFPPAAM VPSQAPYLVP AFPLPAATSP GREYAAPGTA PEGLHGPPLS EGLQPYPAFP 850 860 870 880 890 900 FPYLDTFMTV FLPDPPVCPL LSPSFLPCPF LGATASSAIS PSMSSAMSPT LDPPPSVTSQ 910 920 930 940 950 960 RREEEKWEAQ SEGHPFITSR SSSPLQLNLL QEEMPRPSES PDQMRRNTCP QTEYCVTGNN 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 GSESSPATTG ALSTGSPPRE NPSHPTASAL STGSPPMKNP SHPTASALST GSPPMKNPSH 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 PTASTLSMGL PPSRTPSHPT ATVLSTGSPP SESPSRTGSA ASGSSDSSIY LTSSVYSSKI 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 SQNGQQSQDV QKKETFPNVA EEPIWRMIRQ TPERILMTYQ VPERVKEVVL KEDLEKLESM 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 RQQQPQFSHG QKEELAKVYN WIQSQTVTQE IDIQACVTCE NEDSADGAAT SCGQVLVEDS C

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Homo sapiens mRNA for period (Drosophila) homolog 3 (hPer3), complete cds." Nagase T., Kikuno R., Ohara O. Submitted (AUG-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[2]	Rhodes S., Huckle E. Submitted (FEB-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT LEU-827.
[3]	"Identification of a growth inhibition gene." Kim J.W. Submitted (DEC-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT LEU-827.
[4]	"The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1." Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K. , Atkinson A., Cooper R., Jones C., Hall R.E., Andrews T.D., Lloyd C., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Anderson F., Andrew R.W., Ashwell R.I.S., Aubin K., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Beasley H., Bethel G., Bird C.P., Bray-Allen S., Brown J.Y., Brown A.J., Buckley D., Burton J., Bye J., Carder C., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C., Cobley V., Collier R.E., Corby N., Coville G.J., Davies J., Deadman R., Dunn M., Earthrowl M., Ellington A.G., Errington H., Frankish A., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Gay L., Ghori M.R.J., Gibson R., Gilby L.M., Gillett W., Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths-Jones S., Grocock R., Hammond S., Harrison E.S.I., Hart E., Haugen E., Heath P.D., Holmes S., Holt K., Howden P.J., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Hunter G., Isherwood J., James R., Johnson C., Johnson D., Joy A., Kay M., Kershaw J.K., Kibukawa M., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A.J., Lad H., Laird G., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., Lush M.J., Lyne R., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Matthews N.S.W., McLaren S., Milne S., Mistry S., Moore M.J.F., Nickerson T., O'Dell C.N., Oliver K., Palmeiri A., Palmer S.A., Parker A., Patel D., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phelps K., Phillimore B.J., Plumb R., Rajan J., Raymond C., Rouse G., Saenphimmachak C., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C., Subramanian S., Sycamore N., Tracey A., Tromans A., Van Helmond Z., Wall M., Wallis J.M., White S., Whitehead S.L., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams H., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Wu Z., Coulson A., Vaudin M., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Wooster R., Dunham I., Carter N.P., McVean G., Ross M.T., Harrow J., Olson M.V., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R. Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed: 16710414] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT LEU-827.
[5]	"Association of structural polymorphisms in the human period3 gene with delayed sleep phase syndrome." Ebisawa T., Uchiyama M., Kajimura N., Mishima K., Kamei Y., Katoh M., Watanabe T., Sekimoto M., Shibui K., Kim K., Kudo Y., Ozeki Y., Sugishita M., Toyoshima R., Inoue Y., Yamada N., Nagase T., Ozaki N. , Ohara O., Ishida N., Okawa M., Takahashi K., Yamauchi T. EMBO Rep. 2:342-346(2001) [PubMed: 11306557] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 44-91 AND 724-882, VARIANTS GLY-639; ALA-856; THR-1028 AND ARG-1149.
[6]	"Circadian clock-related polymorphisms in seasonal affective disorder and their relevance to diurnal preference." Johansson C., Willeit M., Smedh C., Ekholm J., Paunio T., Kieseppa T., Lichtermann D., Praschak-Rieder N., Neumeister A., Nilsson L.G., Kasper S., Peltonen L., Adolfsson R., Schalling M., Partonen T. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:734-739(2003) [PubMed: 12655319] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT GLY-639.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	AB047686 mRNA. Translation: BAB32925.2. Different initiation. AL157954 mRNA. Translation: CAB76084.1. AY493418 mRNA. Translation: AAS72879.1. Z98884 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI21436.1. AB047521 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB63250.1. AB047530 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB63251.1. AB047531 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB63252.1. AB047532 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB63253.1. AB047533 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB63254.1. AB047534 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB63255.1.
RefSeq	NP_058515.1.
UniGene	Hs.533339
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P56645.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSG00000049246. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID	8863.
KEGG	hsa:8863.
Organism-specific databases
HGNC	HGNC:8847. PER3.
MIM	603427. gene.
PharmGKB	PA134911185.
GenAtlas	Search...
GeneCards	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	P56645.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P56645.
CleanEx	HS_PER3.
GermOnline	ENSG00000049246. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR001610. PAC. IPR000014. PAS. IPR000700. PAS-assoc_C. IPR013655. PAS_3. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF08447. PAS_3. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00086. PAC. 1 hit. SM00091. PAS. 2 hits. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS50113. PAC. False negative. PS50112. PAS. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProDom	P56645. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
BLOCKS	Search...
Other Resources
LinkHub	P56645.
SOURCE	Search...
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

PER3_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P56645
Secondary accession number(s): Q5H8X4 , Q969K6, Q96S77, Q96S78, Q9C0J3, Q9NSP9, Q9UGU8

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 15, 1999
Last sequence update:	May 24, 2005
Last modified:	July 22, 2008
This is version 71 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)