Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q96PN6 (ADCYA_HUMAN)
Last modified
July 22, 2008.
Version 43.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (6) |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Adenylate cyclase type 10 EC=4.6.1.1 Alternative name(s): Adenylate cyclase homolog Testicular soluble adenylyl cyclase Germ cell soluble adenylyl cyclase Short name(s)=hsAC, sAC AH-related protein | ||||
| Gene names |
| ||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 1610 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is not processed. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Soluble adenylyl cyclase that has a critical role in mammalian spermatogenesis. Produces the cAMP which mediates in part the cAMP-responsive nuclear factors indispensable for maturation of sperm in the epididymis. Induces capacitation, the maturational process that sperm undergo prior to fertilization. May be the bicarbonate sensor. Involved in ciliary beat regulation. |
| Catalytic activity | ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. |
| Cofactor | Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit By similarity. |
| Enzyme regulation | Activated by manganese or magnesium ions. In the presence of magnesium ions, the enzyme is activated by bicarbonate while in the presence of manganese ions, the enzyme is inhibited by bicarbonate. In the absence of magnesium and bicarbonate, the enzyme is weakly activated by calcium. |
| Subcellular location | Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton. Cytoplasm › perinuclear region. Note= Distributed to subcellular compartments containing cAMP targets. Found as a plasma membrane-associated protein, protein concentrated in the perinuclear region and protein colocalized with actin or tubulin. |
| Tissue specificity | Weakly expressed in multiple tissues. Expressed in brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, peripheral blood leukocytes, placenta, skeletal muscle, stomach, thymus, airway epithelial cells, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Very low level of expression in bone. |
| Post-translational modification | Cleavage may occur to generate the active 48 kDa form. |
| Involvement in disease | Genetic variations in ADCY10 are associated with absorptive hypercalciuria type 2 (HCA2) [MIM:143870]. Absorptive hypercalciuria (AH) is a common cause of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Clinically, AH is characterized by intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium in the presence of normal serum calcium and immunoreactive PTH (iPTH). It is often accompanied by low bone mineral density (BMD), particularly of the lumbar spine. About 50% of patients with AH present with a family history of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family. Contains 2 guanylate cyclase domains. |
| Biophysicochemical properties | Kinetic parameters: KM=0.8 mM for ATP-Mn(2+) KM=2.41 mM for Mg(2+) |
Ontologies
Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Biological process | cAMP biosynthesis |
| Cellular component | Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Membrane |
| Coding sequence diversity | Alternative splicing Polymorphism |
| Domain | Repeat |
| Ligand | ATP-binding Magnesium Metal-binding Nucleotide-binding |
| Molecular function | Lyase |
| PTM | Phosphoprotein |
Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Cellular component | cytoplasm Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc soluble fractionTraceable author statement. Source: ProtInc |
| Molecular function | adenylate cyclase activity Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | |||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q96PN6-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | |||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q96PN6-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-97: MNTPKEEFQD...IFGGDILKFA → MSLSE | |||||
| Notes: No experimental confirmation available. | |||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: Q96PN6-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-1099: Missing. 1100-1103: DNYM → MLFK 1430-1471: YARLQEWDNF...GISRYMEGQV → ECEAGVGRRL...ELKIFCQEEP 1472-1610: Missing. | |||||
| Notes: No experimental confirmation available. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | ||||
Molecule processing | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 1610 | 1610 | Adenylate cyclase type 10 | |||||
Regions | ||||||||
| Domain | 42 – 179 | 138 | Guanylate cyclase 1 | |||||
| Domain | 293 – 418 | 126 | Guanylate cyclase 2 | |||||
Sites | ||||||||
| Metal binding | 47 | 1 | Magnesium 1 By similarity | |||||
| Metal binding | 47 | 1 | Magnesium 2 By similarity | |||||
| Metal binding | 48 | 1 | Magnesium 2 (via carbonyl oxygen) By similarity | |||||
| Metal binding | 99 | 1 | Magnesium 1 By similarity | |||||
| Metal binding | 99 | 1 | Magnesium 2 By similarity | |||||
Amino acid modifications | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 809 | 1 | Phosphothreonine | |||||
| Modified residue | 810 | 1 | Phosphoserine | |||||
Natural variations | ||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 1099 | 1099 | Missing in isoform 3. | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 97 | 97 | MNTPK…ILKFA → MSLSE in isoform 2. | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1100 – 1103 | 4 | DNYM → MLFK in isoform 3. | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1430 – 1471 | 42 | YARLQ…MEGQV → ECEAGVGRRLHTSRDPGMPD FRNGTTFTNFPIELKIFCQE EP in isoform 3. | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1472 – 1610 | 139 | Missing in isoform 3. | |||||
| Natural variant | 234 | 1 | T → M: dbSNP rs16859886. | |||||
| Natural variant | 697 | 1 | V → I: dbSNP rs2071921. | |||||
Experimental info | ||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1359 | 1 | L → P in AAK96045. Ref.4 | |||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Identification and functional analysis of splice variants of the germ cell soluble adenylyl cyclase." Jaiswal B.S., Conti M. J. Biol. Chem. 276:31698-31708(2001) [PubMed: 11423534] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [2] | "Identification and characterization of a gene with base substitutions associated with the absorptive hypercalciuria phenotype and low spinal bone density." Reed B.Y., Gitomer W.L., Heller H.J., Hsu M.C., Lemke M., Padalino P., Pak C.Y.C. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87:1476-1485(2002) [PubMed: 11932268] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INVOLVEMENT IN HCA2. Tissue: Intestine. |
| [3] | "Kinetic properties of 'soluble' adenylyl cyclase. Synergism between calcium and bicarbonate." Litvin T.N., Kamenetsky M., Zarifyan A., Buck J., Levin L.R. J. Biol. Chem. 278:15922-15926(2003) [PubMed: 12609998] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES. |
| [4] | "Cloning of a human testicular soluble adenylyl cyclase." Khole V.V., Westbrook V.A., Mandal A., Herr J.C., Visconti P.E. Submitted (AUG-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT ILE-697. |
| [5] | Rhodes S. Submitted (JAN-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3). |
| [6] | "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1." Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K. Bentley D.R.Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed: 16710414] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT ILE-697. |
| [7] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT ILE-697. |
| [8] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT ILE-697. |
| [9] | "Compartmentalization of bicarbonate-sensitive adenylyl cyclase in distinct signaling microdomains." Zippin J.H., Chen Y., Nahirney P., Kamenetsky M., Wuttke M.S., Fischman D.A., Levin L.R., Buck J. FASEB J. 17:82-84(2003) [PubMed: 12475901] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [10] | "Cloning and characterization of the human soluble adenylyl cyclase." Geng W., Wang Z., Zhang J., Reed B.Y., Pak C.Y.C., Moe O.W. Am. J. Physiol. 288:C1305-C1316(2005) [PubMed: 15659711] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, ENZYME REGULATION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, FUNCTION. |
| [11] | "Soluble adenylyl cyclase is localized to cilia and contributes to ciliary beat frequency regulation via production of cAMP." Schmid A., Sutto Z., Nlend M.-C., Horvath G., Schmid N., Buck J., Levin L.R., Conner G.E., Fregien N., Salathe M. J. Gen. Physiol. 130:99-109(2007) [PubMed: 17591988] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [12] | "Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra." Yu L.-R., Zhu Z., Chan K.C., Issaq H.J., Dimitrov D.S., Veenstra T.D. J. Proteome Res. 6:4150-4162(2007) [PubMed: 17924679] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-809 AND SER-810, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Epithelium. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| AF271058 mRNA. Translation: AAF74296.1. AF331033 mRNA. Translation: AAL57036.1. AF176813 mRNA. Translation: AAF65931.1. AF299350 mRNA. Translation: AAK96045.1. AL035122 mRNA. Translation: CAA22684.1. Z97876, Z99943 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI20073.1. Z97876, Z99943 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI20074.1. Z99943, Z97876 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI20146.1. Z99943, Z97876 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI20147.1. CH471067 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW90804.1. CH471067 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW90807.1. BC117366 mRNA. Translation: AAI17367.1. BC117372 mRNA. Translation: AAI17373.1. | |
| RefSeq | NP_060887.1. |
| UniGene | Hs.320892 |
3D structure databases | |
| ModBase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENSG00000143199. Homo sapiens. [Contig view] |
| GeneID | 55811. |
| KEGG | hsa:55811. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| HGNC | HGNC:21285. ADCY10. |
| MIM | 143870. phenotype. 605205. gene. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
| GeneCards | Search... |
| GeneLynx | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| HOVERGEN | Q96PN6. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q96PN6. |
| CleanEx | HS_ADCY10. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR001054. A/G_cyclase. IPR016577. Adenylate_cylcase_typ10. [Graphical view] |
| Gene3D | G3DSA:3.30.70.1230. A/G_cyclase. 2 hits. |
| Pfam | PF00211. Guanylate_cyc. 2 hits. [Graphical view] |
| PIRSF | PIRSF011131. Soluble_adenylyl_cyclase. 1 hit. |
| SMART | SM00044. CYCc. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS00452. GUANYLATE_CYCLASE_1. False negative. PS50125. GUANYLATE_CYCLASE_2. 2 hits. [Graphical view] |
| ProDom | Q96PN6. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain] |
| BLOCKS | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| SOURCE | Search... |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | ADCYA_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q96PN6 Secondary accession number(s): O95558 Q9NNX0 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 1 Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| UniProtKB secondary accession numbers Index of UniProtKB secondary accession numbers |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

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