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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q96PN6 (ADCYA_HUMAN)

Last modified July 22, 2008. Version 43. Feed History...

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Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    Adenylate cyclase type 10
    EC=4.6.1.1
Alternative name(s):
    Adenylate cyclase homolog
    Testicular soluble adenylyl cyclase
    Germ cell soluble adenylyl cyclase
      Short name(s)=hsAC, sAC
    AH-related protein
Gene names
Name: ADCY10
Synonyms: SAC
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length1610 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Soluble adenylyl cyclase that has a critical role in mammalian spermatogenesis. Produces the cAMP which mediates in part the cAMP-responsive nuclear factors indispensable for maturation of sperm in the epididymis. Induces capacitation, the maturational process that sperm undergo prior to fertilization. May be the bicarbonate sensor. Involved in ciliary beat regulation.

Catalytic activity

ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate.

Cofactor

Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit By similarity.

Enzyme regulation

Activated by manganese or magnesium ions. In the presence of magnesium ions, the enzyme is activated by bicarbonate while in the presence of manganese ions, the enzyme is inhibited by bicarbonate. In the absence of magnesium and bicarbonate, the enzyme is weakly activated by calcium.

Subcellular location

Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasmcytoskeleton. Cytoplasmperinuclear region. Note= Distributed to subcellular compartments containing cAMP targets. Found as a plasma membrane-associated protein, protein concentrated in the perinuclear region and protein colocalized with actin or tubulin.

Tissue specificity

Weakly expressed in multiple tissues. Expressed in brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, peripheral blood leukocytes, placenta, skeletal muscle, stomach, thymus, airway epithelial cells, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Very low level of expression in bone.

Post-translational modification

Cleavage may occur to generate the active 48 kDa form.

Involvement in disease

Genetic variations in ADCY10 are associated with absorptive hypercalciuria type 2 (HCA2) [MIM:143870]. Absorptive hypercalciuria (AH) is a common cause of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Clinically, AH is characterized by intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium in the presence of normal serum calcium and immunoreactive PTH (iPTH). It is often accompanied by low bone mineral density (BMD), particularly of the lumbar spine. About 50% of patients with AH present with a family history of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family.

Contains 2 guanylate cyclase domains.

Biophysicochemical properties

Kinetic parameters:

KM=0.8 mM for ATP-Mn(2+)

KM=2.41 mM for Mg(2+)

Ontologies

Keywords

   Biological processcAMP biosynthesis
   Cellular componentCell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Membrane
   Coding sequence diversityAlternative splicing
Polymorphism
   DomainRepeat
   LigandATP-binding
Magnesium
Metal-binding
Nucleotide-binding
   Molecular functionLyase
   PTMPhosphoprotein

Gene Ontology (GO)

   Cellular componentcytoplasm

Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc

soluble fraction

Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc

   Molecular functionadenylate cyclase activity

Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc

Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform 1 (identifier: Q96PN6-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform 2 (identifier: Q96PN6-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-97: MNTPKEEFQD...IFGGDILKFA → MSLSE
Notes: No experimental confirmation available.
Isoform 3 (identifier: Q96PN6-3)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-1099: Missing.
     1100-1103: DNYM → MLFK
     1430-1471: YARLQEWDNF...GISRYMEGQV → ECEAGVGRRL...ELKIFCQEEP
     1472-1610: Missing.
Notes: No experimental confirmation available.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical view

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 16101610Adenylate cyclase type 10

Regions

Domain42 – 179138Guanylate cyclase 1
Domain293 – 418126Guanylate cyclase 2

Sites

Metal binding471Magnesium 1 By similarity
Metal binding471Magnesium 2 By similarity
Metal binding481Magnesium 2 (via carbonyl oxygen) By similarity
Metal binding991Magnesium 1 By similarity
Metal binding991Magnesium 2 By similarity

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue8091Phosphothreonine
Modified residue8101Phosphoserine

Natural variations

Alternative sequence1 – 10991099Missing in isoform 3.
Alternative sequence1 – 9797MNTPK…ILKFA → MSLSE in isoform 2.
Alternative sequence1100 – 11034DNYM → MLFK in isoform 3.
Alternative sequence1430 – 147142YARLQ…MEGQV → ECEAGVGRRLHTSRDPGMPD FRNGTTFTNFPIELKIFCQE EP in isoform 3.
Alternative sequence1472 – 1610139Missing in isoform 3.
Natural variant2341T → M: dbSNP rs16859886.
Natural variant6971V → I: dbSNP rs2071921.

Experimental info

Sequence conflict13591L → P in AAK96045. Ref.4

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform 1 [UniParc].

Last modified February 5, 2008. Version 2.
Checksum: B131F4BF1B03E304

FASTA1,610187,135
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MNTPKEEFQD WPIVRIAAHL PDLIVYGHFS PERPFMDYFD GVLMFVDISG FTAMTEKFSS 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
AMYMDRGAEQ LVEILNYHIS AIVEKVLIFG GDILKFAGDA LLALWRVERK QLKNIITVVI 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
KCSLEIHGLF ETQEWEEGLD IRVKIGLAAG HISMLVFGDE THSHFLVIGQ AVDDVRLAQN 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
MAQMNDVILS PNCWQLCDRS MIEIESVPDQ RAVKVNFLKP PPNFNFDEFF TKCTTFMHYY 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
PSGEHKNLLR LACTLKPDPE LEMSLQKYVM ESILKQIDNK QLQGYLSELR PVTIVFVNLM 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
FEDQDKAEEI GPAIQDAYMH ITSVLKIFQG QINKVFMFDK GCSFLCVFGF PGEKVPDELT 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
HALECAMDIF DFCSQVHKIQ TVSIGVASGI VFCGIVGHTV RHEYTVIGQK VNLAARMMMY 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
YPGIVTCDSV TYNGSNLPAY FFKELPKKVM KGVADSGPLY QYWGRTEKVM FGMACLICNR 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
KEDYPLLGRN KEINYFMYTM KKFLISNSSQ VLMYEGLPGY GKSQILMKIE YLAQGKNHRI 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
IAISLNKISF HQTFYTIQMF MANVLGLDTC KHYKERQTNL RNKVMTLLDE KFYCLLNDIF 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
HVQFPISREI SRMSTLKKQK QLEILFMKIL KLIVKEERII FIIDEAQFVD STSWRFMEKL 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
IRTLPIFIIM SLCPFVNIPC AAARAVIKNR NTTYIVVGAV QPNDISNKIC LDLNVSCISK 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
ELDSYLGEGS CGIPFYCEEL LKNLEHHEVL VFQQTESEEK TNRTWNNLFK YSIKLTEKLN 

       790        800        810        820        830        840 
MVTLHSDKES EEVCHLTSGV RLKNLSPPTS LKEISLIQLD SMRLSHQMLV RCAAIIGLTF 

       850        860        870        880        890        900 
TTELLFEILP CWNMKMMIKT LATLVESNIF YCFRNGKELQ KALKQNDPSF EVHYRSLSLK 

       910        920        930        940        950        960 
PSEGMDHGEE EQLRELENEV IECHRIRFCN PMMQKTAYEL WLKDQRKAMH LKCARFLEED 

       970        980        990       1000       1010       1020 
AHRCDHCRGR DFIPYHHFTV NIRLNALDMD AIKKMAMSHG FKTEEKLILS NSEIPETSAF 

      1030       1040       1050       1060       1070       1080 
FPENRSPEEI REKILNFFDH VLTKMKTSDE DIIPLESCQC EEILEIVILP LAHHFLALGE 

      1090       1100       1110       1120       1130       1140 
NDKALYYFLE IASAYLIFCD NYMAYMYLNE GQKLLKTLKK DKSWSQTFES ATFYSLKGEV 

      1150       1160       1170       1180       1190       1200 
CFNMGQIVLA KKMLRKALKL LNRIFPYNLI SLFLHIHVEK NRHFHYVNRQ AQESPPPGKK 

      1210       1220       1230       1240       1250       1260 
RLAQLYRQTV CLSLLWRIYS YSYLFHCKYY AHLAVMMQMN TALETQNCFQ IIKAYLDYSL 

      1270       1280       1290       1300       1310       1320 
YHHLAGYKGV WFKYEVMAME HIFNLPLKGE GIEIVAYVAE TLVFNKLIMG HLDLAIELGS 

      1330       1340       1350       1360       1370       1380 
RALQMWALLQ NPNRHYQSLC RLSRCLLLNS RYPQLIQVLG RLWELSVTQE HIFSKAFFYF 

      1390       1400       1410       1420       1430       1440 
VCLDILLYSG FVYRTFEECL EFIHQYENNR ILKFHSGLLL GLYSSVAIWY ARLQEWDNFY 

      1450       1460       1470       1480       1490       1500 
KFSNRAKNLL PRRTMTLTYY DGISRYMEGQ VLHLQKQIKE QSENAQASGE ELLKNLENLV 

      1510       1520       1530       1540       1550       1560 
AQNTTGPVFC PRLYHLMAYV CILMGDGQKC GLFLNTALRL SETQGNILEK CWLNMNKESW 

      1570       1580       1590       1600       1610 
YSTSELKEDQ WLQTILSLPS WEKIVAGRVN IQDLQKNKFL MRANTVDNHF 

« Hide

Isoform 2 [UniParc].

Checksum: F4E0238C2AA6B39A
Show »

1,518176,577
Isoform 3 [UniParc].

Checksum: E645DCFBE8E415A6
Show »

37243,900

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"Identification and functional analysis of splice variants of the germ cell soluble adenylyl cyclase."
Jaiswal B.S., Conti M.
J. Biol. Chem. 276:31698-31708(2001) [PubMed: 11423534] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[2]"Identification and characterization of a gene with base substitutions associated with the absorptive hypercalciuria phenotype and low spinal bone density."
Reed B.Y., Gitomer W.L., Heller H.J., Hsu M.C., Lemke M., Padalino P., Pak C.Y.C.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87:1476-1485(2002) [PubMed: 11932268] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INVOLVEMENT IN HCA2.
Tissue: Intestine.
[3]"Kinetic properties of 'soluble' adenylyl cyclase. Synergism between calcium and bicarbonate."
Litvin T.N., Kamenetsky M., Zarifyan A., Buck J., Levin L.R.
J. Biol. Chem. 278:15922-15926(2003) [PubMed: 12609998] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
[4]"Cloning of a human testicular soluble adenylyl cyclase."
Khole V.V., Westbrook V.A., Mandal A., Herr J.C., Visconti P.E.
Submitted (AUG-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT ILE-697.
[5]Rhodes S.
Submitted (JAN-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3).
[6]"The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1."
Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K. expand/collapse author list , Atkinson A., Cooper R., Jones C., Hall R.E., Andrews T.D., Lloyd C., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Anderson F., Andrew R.W., Ashwell R.I.S., Aubin K., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Beasley H., Bethel G., Bird C.P., Bray-Allen S., Brown J.Y., Brown A.J., Buckley D., Burton J., Bye J., Carder C., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C., Cobley V., Collier R.E., Corby N., Coville G.J., Davies J., Deadman R., Dunn M., Earthrowl M., Ellington A.G., Errington H., Frankish A., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Gay L., Ghori M.R.J., Gibson R., Gilby L.M., Gillett W., Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths-Jones S., Grocock R., Hammond S., Harrison E.S.I., Hart E., Haugen E., Heath P.D., Holmes S., Holt K., Howden P.J., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Hunter G., Isherwood J., James R., Johnson C., Johnson D., Joy A., Kay M., Kershaw J.K., Kibukawa M., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A.J., Lad H., Laird G., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., Lush M.J., Lyne R., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Matthews N.S.W., McLaren S., Milne S., Mistry S., Moore M.J.F., Nickerson T., O'Dell C.N., Oliver K., Palmeiri A., Palmer S.A., Parker A., Patel D., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phelps K., Phillimore B.J., Plumb R., Rajan J., Raymond C., Rouse G., Saenphimmachak C., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C., Subramanian S., Sycamore N., Tracey A., Tromans A., Van Helmond Z., Wall M., Wallis J.M., White S., Whitehead S.L., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams H., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Wu Z., Coulson A., Vaudin M., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Wooster R., Dunham I., Carter N.P., McVean G., Ross M.T., Harrow J., Olson M.V., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R.
Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed: 16710414] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT ILE-697.
[7]Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. expand/collapse author list , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.
Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT ILE-697.
[8]"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT ILE-697.
[9]"Compartmentalization of bicarbonate-sensitive adenylyl cyclase in distinct signaling microdomains."
Zippin J.H., Chen Y., Nahirney P., Kamenetsky M., Wuttke M.S., Fischman D.A., Levin L.R., Buck J.
FASEB J. 17:82-84(2003) [PubMed: 12475901] [Abstract]
Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[10]"Cloning and characterization of the human soluble adenylyl cyclase."
Geng W., Wang Z., Zhang J., Reed B.Y., Pak C.Y.C., Moe O.W.
Am. J. Physiol. 288:C1305-C1316(2005) [PubMed: 15659711] [Abstract]
Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, ENZYME REGULATION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, FUNCTION.
[11]"Soluble adenylyl cyclase is localized to cilia and contributes to ciliary beat frequency regulation via production of cAMP."
Schmid A., Sutto Z., Nlend M.-C., Horvath G., Schmid N., Buck J., Levin L.R., Conner G.E., Fregien N., Salathe M.
J. Gen. Physiol. 130:99-109(2007) [PubMed: 17591988] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[12]"Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra."
Yu L.-R., Zhu Z., Chan K.C., Issaq H.J., Dimitrov D.S., Veenstra T.D.
J. Proteome Res. 6:4150-4162(2007) [PubMed: 17924679] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-809 AND SER-810, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Epithelium.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

AF271058 mRNA. Translation: AAF74296.1.
AF331033 mRNA. Translation: AAL57036.1.
AF176813 mRNA. Translation: AAF65931.1.
AF299350 mRNA. Translation: AAK96045.1.
AL035122 mRNA. Translation: CAA22684.1.
Z97876, Z99943 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI20073.1.
Z97876, Z99943 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI20074.1.
Z99943, Z97876 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI20146.1.
Z99943, Z97876 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI20147.1.
CH471067 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW90804.1.
CH471067 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW90807.1.
BC117366 mRNA. Translation: AAI17367.1.
BC117372 mRNA. Translation: AAI17373.1.
RefSeqNP_060887.1.
UniGeneHs.320892

3D structure databases

ModBaseSearch...

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENSG00000143199. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID55811.
KEGGhsa:55811.

Organism-specific databases

HGNCHGNC:21285. ADCY10.
MIM143870. phenotype.
605205. gene.
GenAtlasSearch...
GeneCardsSearch...
GeneLynxSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

HOVERGENQ96PN6.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressQ96PN6.
CleanExHS_ADCY10.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR001054. A/G_cyclase.
IPR016577. Adenylate_cylcase_typ10.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:3.30.70.1230. A/G_cyclase. 2 hits.
PfamPF00211. Guanylate_cyc. 2 hits.
[Graphical view]
PIRSFPIRSF011131. Soluble_adenylyl_cyclase. 1 hit.
SMARTSM00044. CYCc. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PROSITEPS00452. GUANYLATE_CYCLASE_1. False negative.
PS50125. GUANYLATE_CYCLASE_2. 2 hits.
[Graphical view]
ProDomQ96PN6.
[Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
BLOCKSSearch...

Other Resources

SOURCESearch...
ProtoNetSearch...

Entry information

Entry nameADCYA_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: Q96PN6
Secondary accession number(s): O95558 expand/collapse secondary AC list , Q5R329, Q5R330, Q8WXV4, Q9NNX0
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: February 5, 2008
Last sequence update: February 5, 2008
Last modified: July 22, 2008
This is version 43 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectHPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Relevant documents

Human chromosome 1

Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

Human polymorphisms and disease mutations

Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB secondary accession numbers

Index of UniProtKB secondary accession numbers

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents